Human Communication

Slide 1 Human Communication Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter

Slide 2 PART ONE Fundamentals of Communication Studies

Chapter Summary Slide 3 Slide 3 Perception, Self, and Communication CHAPTER 2 • What is Perception? • Why Do Differences in Perception Occur? • What Occurs in Perception? • How Do We Perceive Others? • What is Self-Awareness? • What is Self-Concept? • What is Self-Efficacy? • What is Self-Presentation?

Slide 4 Slide 4 What is Perception? • Perception: “The process of becoming aware of objects and events from the senses.” (DeVito, 1986)

Slide 5 Slide 5 What is Perception? • Passive Perception • Active Perception • Subjective Perception

Slide 6 Slide 6 What is Perception? Figure 2.1: The perception process. Insert Figure 2.1 Here

Slide 7 Slide 7 Why Do Differences in Perception Occur? • Physiological Factors • Past Experiences and Roles • Culture and Co-culture • Present Feelings and Circumstances

Slide 8 Slide 8 What Occurs in Perception? • Selection • Organization • --Figure and Ground • --Closure • --Proximity • --Similarity • Interpretation

Slide 9 Slide 9 What Occurs in Perception? Insert Figure 2.2 Here Figure 2.2: An example of figure and ground: a vase or twins?

Slide 10 Slide 10 What Occurs in Perception? Insert Figure 2.3 Here Figure 2.3: An example of figure and ground: ink blobs or a bearded man?

Slide 11 Slide 11 What Occurs in Perception? Insert Figure 2.4 Here Figure 2.4: An example of closure: ink blobs or a cat?

Slide 12 Slide 12 What Occurs in Perception? Insert Figure 2.5 Here Figure 2.5: An example of closure: triangle or straight lines?

Slide 13 Slide 13 What Occurs in Perception? Insert Figure 2.6 Here Figure 2.6: An example of closure: a circle or straight lines?

Slide 14 Slide 14 What Occurs in Perception? Insert Figure 2.7 Here Figure 2.7: An example of proximity: three groups of lines or nine separate lines?

Slide 15 Slide 15 What Occurs in Perception? Insert Figure 2.8 Here Figure 2.8: An example of similarity: squares and circles or a group of geometric shapes?

Slide 16 Slide 16 What Occurs in Perception? Insert Figure 2.9 Here Figure 2.9: An example of interpretation: the inkblot

Slide 17 Slide 17 What Occurs in Perception? Insert Figure 2.10 Here Figure 2.10: An example of the usefulness of context in the interpretation of stimuli.

Slide 18 Slide 18 How Do We Perceive Others? • Attribution Errors • --Fundamental attribution error • --Self-serving bias • Perceptual Errors • --Stereotyping • --First impressions • --Projection • --Perceptual defense • --Halo effect Continued...

Slide 19 Slide 19 How Do We Perceive Others? • Perceptual Errors, continued • --Leniency • --Central tendency • --Recency • --Contrast effects

Slide 20 Slide 20 What is Self-Awareness? • Self-awareness is “an understanding of the self, including your attitudes, values, beliefs, strengths, and weaknesses.” (DeVito, 1986)

Slide 21 Slide 21 What is Self-Awareness? • Symbolic interactionism • Self-fulfilling prophecy • Self-actualization

Slide 22 Slide 22 What is Self-Concept? • Self-concept is “each person’s evaluation of himself or herself, that is, self-appraisal.” (DeVito, 1986)

Slide 23 Slide 23 What is Self-Concept? • Self-Image • Self-Esteem • Improving Self-Concept • Barriers to Improving Self-Concept

Slide 24 Slide 24 What is Self-Efficacy? • Self-awareness is “the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.” (Bandura, 1986)

Slide 25 Slide 25 What is Self-Presentation? • Self-awareness is the way we portray ourselves to others.

Slide 26 Slide 26 What is Self-Presentation? • Impression Management is the control of lack of control of the communication of information through a performance. • --High self-monitors • --Low self-monitors Continued...

Slide 27 Slide 27 What is Self-Presentation? • Face: a socially approved and presented identity. • --Facework • --Positive face • --Negative face • --Politeness Continued...

Slide 28 Slide 28 What is Self-Presentation? Insert Table 2.1 Here Table 2.1: Image Repair Strategies

Human Communication