Disorders Of The Male Reproductive System

1. Disorders Of The Male Reproductive System

2. Testicular Torsion • Spermatic cord twists • Males whose attachment is higher up are at risk of testicular torsion • A male who notices the ability of either or both testicles to freely rotate within the scrotum should be aware that he is at risk of testicular torsion

3. TESTICULAR TORSION DESCRIPTION • AKA “WINTER SYNDROME” • The scrotum of a man who has been lying in a warm bed is relaxed. When he arises, his scrotum is exposed to the colder room air. If the spermatic cord is twisted while the scrotum is loose, the sudden contraction that results from the abrupt temperature change can trap the testicle in that position. The result is a testicular torsion.

4. Testicular TorsionContinued • More frequent among adolescents, it should be considered in all cases where there is testicular pain • Can destroy testes due to absence of blood supply to the testicle • Cause: strenuous exercise, trauma, physical activity, sleeping

5. Testicular Torsion Continued • Symptoms: pain in groin, swelling of scrotum, nausea, vomiting • Treatment: immediate surgery, removal of testicle if not treated quickly • If treated within 6 hours, there is nearly a 100% chance of saving the testicle. Within 12 hours this rate decreases to 70%, within 24 hours is 20%, and after 24 hours the rate approaches 0.Once the testicle is dead it must be removed to prevent gangrenous infection.

7. Undescended Testes • Testes remain inside the body rather than hanging loose in the scrotum • Cause: occurs at birth • Symptoms: undeveloped testes, unbalanced scrotum

8. Undescended TestesContinued • Treatment: testes descend on their own within 1st year or surgery • If not treated: cancer or infertility may occur

10. Inguinal Hernia • EXPLANATION: • As a male fetus grows and matures during pregnancy, the testicles develop in the abdomen and then move down into the scrotum through an area called the inguinal canal. Shortly after the baby is born, the inguinal canal closes, preventing the testicles from moving back into the abdomen. If this area does not close off completely, a loop of intestine can move into the inguinal canal through the weakened area of the lower abdominal wall, causing a hernia.

11. Inguinal HerniaContinued • Symptoms: tender bulge in scrotum, groin discomfort, very painful, nausea, vomiting • Treatment: surgery

12. INGUINAL HERNIA

13. Infertility • Inability to reproduce • Too few sperm or that sperm cannot fertilize the egg

14. Infertility Continued • Cause: exposure to drugs, X-rays, tight clothing, environmental reasons, heat • Treatment: fertility drugs, fertility treatment, in vitro fertilization

15. Prostate Cancer • Most common cancer among American males • 2nd leading cause of death among U.S. men • Cause: unknown

16. Prostate Cancer Continued • Symptoms: difficulty urinating, frequent urination, painful or burning urination • Treatment: radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery

18. Testicular Cancer • Early detection and treatment = excellent chance of recovery • Self testicular examination; Figure 16-5 • Cause: Abnormal cells begin to grow in the testes

19. Testicular CancerContinued • Symptoms: swelling or lump in testes, feeling of heaviness in scrotum, pain in groin • Treatment: radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery