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Croatia – political system

Croatia – political system. Political systems in South-Eastern Europe POL 482 Věra St ojarová. A bit of history…. the arrival of the Croats to the Balkan peninsula at the beginning of the 7th century, the period of independent Croatia (until 1102),

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Croatia – political system

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  1. Croatia – political system Political systems in South-Eastern EuropePOL 482Věra Stojarová

  2. A bit of history… the arrival of the Croats to the Balkan peninsula at the beginning of the 7th century, the period of independent Croatia(until 1102), Croatia sharing with Hungary a new state under common Hungarian and Croatian Kings (1102-1526), Croatia ruled by the Habsburgs, as a member of the Habsburg Crown (1527-1918, Austrian-Hungarian Empire from 1867 to 1918), parts of Croatia under Venice, Ottoman empire, Military frontier Croatia in the first Yugoslavia (1918-1941), The Independent State of Croatia (1941-1945), NDH, Ustasha ideology Croatia as a republic in Tito's (or second) Yugoslavia (1945-1991), internationally recognized Republic of Croatia (January 1992).

  3. Croatian spring (Hrvatsko prolječe, Masovni pokret, MASPOK)early 70´s no serbo-croatian language, but rather serbian andcroatian language spelling and grammar textbook in 1971called Hrvatski pravopis which was banned. Protests against banning of usage of the national symbols Franjo Tudjman imprisoned Protests against giving more money into budget rather than receiving and thus supporting the poor regions – call for fairer distribution of profits More rights for Croatia The yugoslavian leadership dennounced as nationalistic chauvinist tendncies

  4. Secession August 1989 the serbian language is no more official language of the serbian minority in croatia December 1989 – The communist party revoked its monopoly 25. July 1990 – the adjective socialistic let out of the name of the republic. The serbian minority declared paralelly the sovereignty and authonomy of the serbian population in Croatia (12 % of the whole population)

  5. Road to independence of Croatia 22nd December 1990 – Božični ustav – Constitution – declared, that the Croatian republic is the national state of the Croatian nation 18-19th May 1991 referendum – 94,17 % for the independence of Croatia. The Serbs boycotted the referendum. 25th June 1991 – Declaration about the independence of Republic of Croatia 23rd December recognised by the first state- Germany 22nd May 1992 entered the UN together with Slovenia and BaH

  6. Serbian irredentism The serbian authonomous province Krajina declared unilaterally 22. December 1990 28th February – decision about the cesession from Croatia and staying in the Yugoslav federation 1. April 1991 declared Krajina integration with Serbia and adoption of serbian legislative Republic of serbian Krajina was declared in December 1991

  7. Serbian irredentism • The war between the Serbs and Croats lasted up to the 1995, when the Croats succeeded in regaining the territory. The whole territory was integrated under the croatian power up to the 1998. • The serbian population dropped to 5 %. • On both sides there was an official army – Croatian army and the Yugoslav army and the paramilitary groups – HOS (Croatian defence forces) and Fiery Stallions and on the Serbian side Arkan Tigers, Šešeljs White Tigers. It was very hard to distinguish the official and unofficial army. • Seen as patriotic war from both sides • Besides that Tudjman intervened in war in Bosnia trying to cut BiH into the Croatian and Serbian side.

  8. Independence of Croatia

  9. Political development since 1995 Croatian democratic party (Hrvatska demokratska zajednica, HDZ) centralized power in her hands, the regions were loosing their power, the restriction of media, authoritarian leader Franjo Tudjman remained very popular untill his death in 2000. The elections in 2000 meant the victory of Social democratic party of Ivica Račan. Stjepan Mesić became a president of Croatia. The unsatisfaction with the political development was reflected in the elections in 2003, when the HDZ came back to power. The leader of HDZ Ivo Sanader formed a new government with DEmocratic Centre and Independents. Since 2011 Social democrats back in power

  10. 1990´s • There were some objections to the name of the internationally accepted currency of Croatia - kuna, introduced in 1994, which was also flagged for use in 1939 Banovina of Croatia established within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and subsequently used in the NDH(1941-1945). • "Square of the victims of fascism" (Trg žrtava fašizma) because during WWII over sixteen thousand people were deported via the square to concentration camps, was during the early 1990s renamed to "Square of great Croats" (Trg hrvatskih velikana). This decision was later reverted • In several Croatian cities, streets were renamed after Mile Budak • The renaming of streets and squares after Budak – 2003 Ivo Sanader's government • In 2004, a plaque commemorating Budak's birth in the village of Sveti Rok removed

  11. UndemocraticTudjmanregime Ambivalent position towards the Ante Pavelic and ustasha state: "not just a quisling creation, but also an expression of the centuries-old desire of the Croatian people for their own state". The key to success was nationalism and expulsion of Serbs Media controll No minority rights for the Serbs Policy of interference in BiH, trying to divide Bosnia between Croatia and Serbia It was not possible to attack the „patriotic war“ No civil control of the army The army officers were mainly from HDZ

  12. Constitution Adopted in december 1990 and ammended in 23rd April 2001. The official language is croatian and latin alphabet, however on the local level the use of other language and cyrilics is possible as well. The constitution is rigid - the change of the constitution needs two votings and the achievement of qualified majority.

  13. Constitution was changed four times 1997: additional minority rights 2000: changed from semi-presidential to parliamentary system 2001: the parliament becomes unicameral 2001: administrative changes

  14. Parliament (Hrvatski sabor) 1990-2001 two chambers: National assembly and the Regional assembly Since 2001 – 1 chamber – minimum 100 and maximum 160 MPs, 4 years term,

  15. President Under Tudjman regime Croatia was semipresidential or better to say semiauthoritarian state. (Restriction of media, political plurality etc.) The change of the Constitution (4.12.2001) changed the semipresidential regime into the parliamentary one. - Direct vote, 5 years term, no more than consecutive terms.

  16. Presidents 1990-1999 Franjo Tudjman 1999-2000 acting presidents Vlatko Pavletić, Zlatko Tomčić 2000 – 2010 Stjepan Mesić 2010 Ivo Josipović

  17. Main political parties Croatian democratic party (HDZ)- after the death of Franjo Tudjman giving up the nationalism and getting into more pragmatic way – collaboration with ICTY (Ante Gotovina case) , euroatlantic integration Social democratic party of Croatia (SDP)- transformation from the communistic party, integration into the EU, NATO, collaboration with the ICTY Croatian social-liberal party (HSLS) – right-centre, liberal party, decentralisation Croatian agrarian party (HSS)- conservative, integration into the EU Croatian national party (HNS) – full support for the integration into the EU and NATO. Croatian Rightist party (HSP) right extremist party, extortionary potential, nationalistic, xenophobic, against the collaboration with the ICTY.

  18. Change in HDZ and the politics of the government led by Ivo Sanader Main goal – entry into EU and NATO in october 2005 was Sanader according to polls seen as the most popular politician His popularity steadily declined with signing of a treaty compensating Austrian citizens whose property had been nationalised in the post-WW2 Yugoslav era and arrest of Ante Gotovina in Spain on the popularity of the Sanader's government. However parliamentary elections – november 2007 HDZ entered the coalition talks while there was no clear winner of the elections – HDZ gained 61 seats and need 77 to govern without allies

  19. Foreign relations • 2009 NATO • 2013 EU • Border disputes with almost all neighbours, the biggest one with Slovenia, smaller ones with Serbia, Montenegro, • With italy cordial relations, sometimes disputes dealing with fisheries and ecological zones or exodus of italians after WWII

  20. Questions: Is Ante Gotovina war criminal or a national hero? Has the international community right to judge war criminals/national heros? What about the role of the USA- supporting the operation Storm- therefore helping the ethnic cleansing in Croatia?? Would there be a war if the USA did not step into the war? What do u think about the hawks/doves?? Was the US politics better than the EU politics?? Should international community intervene in case there is undemocratic regime or is it better to wait until it falls apart? What is the danger if we intervene? Is it acceptable not to intervene if people are killed due to undemocratic practices?? How do u see the stick and carrot politic of the EU – pressure on Croatia in giving in Ante Gotovina for exchange of the promise for EU membership ??? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FK6Hvtifkrw

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