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The Emergence of Gigabit Ethernet

Explore the changing LANscape and the benefits of Gigabit Ethernet in scaling campus networks. Learn about the increasing demand for bandwidth and the applications driving network growth.

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The Emergence of Gigabit Ethernet

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  1. The Emergence of Gigabit Ethernet Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 1

  2. Nathan Walker Product Line Manager, WBUVice Chairman—Gigabit Ethernet Alliance nathanw@cisco.com408-526-5928 Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 2

  3. Agenda • The Changing LANscape • What Is Gigabit Ethernet? • When Will Gigabit Ethernet Happen? • Scaling Campus Networks

  4. The Changing LANscape • Applications • Bandwidth demand • Network traffic patterns • Network technology • Protocols • Problems to solve • Network services

  5. Internet/Intranet Desktop Video, White Boarding Office Desktop Scientific, Engineering DataWarehousing Publications,Medical Network Backup Applications Driving Network Growth Requirements Applications 500%–600% • Class of service • Predictable latency • Higher bandwidth 300% 200%–300% • High bandwidth • Low latency • Large files

  6. Models for Bandwidth Growth Applications • Web-based • Interactive • Video • Uniprocessor • Multiprocessor • Client/Server Bandwidth Processors Users • User growth • More power users • Collaboration Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 6

  7. Client/Server Bandwidth Applications: 60%/yearClients/Server: 60%/year Combined: 250%/year Gbps 256 20K Users at 5 Mbps 64 10K Users at 2 Mbps 16 5K Users at 1 Mbps 4 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

  8. Bandwidth Summary Backbone bandwidth driven by large server performance: Uniprocessor Performance 60%/year 2X/1.5y Multiprocessor Sys. Perf. 60%/year 2X/1.5y Server Performance 250%/year 4X/1.5y Larger servers are easier, trend is more users per server: Application Demand Growth 60%/year 2X/1.5y Clients per Server Growth 60%/year 2X/1.5y Server Demand Growth 250%/year 4X/1.5y

  9. Intranet Backbone Bandwidth • Larger Enterprise • 5 Mbps/client • 20K employees • 100 Gbps aggregate Gbps 256 64 • Smaller Enterprise • 5 Mbps/client • 2K employees • 10 Gbps aggregate 16 1 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

  10. Network Traffic—Changing the Rules “The New 80–20 Rule” • Server locations shifting • Server bandwidth performance increase • Latency reduction required • Multimedia applications • Multicast applications • Switching everywhere! 80% Backbone 20% 20% 80% Workgroup

  11. All Other Ethernet The Ethernet Case—Dominance • Why Ethernet dominance? • Scalability 10/100/1000 • Smooth migration • Network reliability • Network management tools and techniques • Low cost DominanceWill Continue 1996 Shipments 1996 Installed Base Source: IDC Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 11

  12. Network Interface Shipments Millions Ethernet Token Ring FDDI ATM Source: IDC 5/96 Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 12

  13. All Other IPX TCP/IP Network Protocols—Changing the Rules • The protocol mix will shift • New protocols “energize” packet networks • RSVP, RTP, RTCP, PIM, IGMP, 802.1Q, 802.1p • Throughput performance rising—network, servers, desktops Source: BRG 1996

  14. Solving Network Problems Protocol Problems Too Many Broadcasts MediaProblems Too Many Collisions TransportProblems Not Enough Capacity

  15. Emerging Network Services Clients Networks Servers • Scalability • Security • Reliability • Connectivity/configuration • Mobility • Multimedia • Quality of service

  16. What Is Gigabit Ethernet? • Functional elements • IEEE standard goals • Physical distances/applications • Topologies • Gigabit Ethernet Alliance

  17. No Change No Change No Change Fast Ethernet Technology—Meeting the Current Need Ethernet Fast Ethernet Applications Applications Management Management CSMA/CD MAC CSMA/CD MAC Customer Choice Customer Choice Thick Coax (10Base5) Thin Coax (10Base2) Four Pair UTP (100BaseT4) (Cat 3, 4, 5) Fiber (10BaseF) TP - (10BaseT) (Cat 3, 4, 5) Fiber (100BaseFX) 2 Pair UTP, STP (100BaseTX) (Cat 5)

  18. Gigabit Technology—Meeting Tomorrow’s Needs Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet No Change Applications Applications Management Management No Change CSMA/CD MAC CSMA/CD MAC Compatible Customer Choice Customer Choice Four Pair UTP (100BaseT4) (Cat 3, 4, 5) Long WL Optics (1000BaseLX) Shielded Twisted Pr (1000BaseCX) Fiber (100BaseFX) 2 Pair UTP, STP (100BaseTX) (Cat 5) Short WL Optics(1000BaseSX) Twisted Pair (1000BaseT)

  19. Gigabit Ethernet Functional Elements “Ethernet” Upper Layers IEEE 802.3z Goals Media Access Control (MAC) Full Duplex and/or Half Duplex • Use 802.3 frame format • Half and full duplex • Use CSMA/CD • Flow control • Backward compatibility for installed media Logical “Media Independent Interface” GMII (optional) MAC 8B / 10B Encoding / Decoding Copper PHY Encoder / Decoder PHY LWL Fiber Optic Xcvr SWL Fiber Optic Xcvr STP Copper Xcvr Unshielded Twisted Pair Xcvr “MAC and PHY Standard” Single-Mode or Multimode Fiber Multimode Fiber Shielded Balanced Twisted Pair Unshielded Twisted Pair • Simple • Leverage existing technology

  20. Gigabit Ethernet Physical Transmission Goals TransceiverType Line Encoding/Decoding 8B/10B Advanced Coding 25 m N/A STP Xcvr (150 ohm) 4 Pr UTP Xcvr N/A 100 m 780 nm CD or VCSEL Laser 300 m(62.5u MM Fiber)550 m(50u MM Fiber) N/A 1300 nm Laser 550 m(62.5u MM Fiber)3 km (10u SM Fiber) N/A

  21. Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber Laser Fiber Type 62.5 um 50 um Single Mode 780 nm CD or VCSEL Laser 300 m 550 m N/A 1300 nm LaserStandard Reach 550 m 550 m 3 km 1300 nm LaserLong Reach N/A N/A 15-60 km

  22. 802.3z Standards Timetable ’98 ’95 ’96 ’97 Q1 ’98—Complete Standard Nov. ’95—IEEE 802.3 CommissionsHigh-Speed Study Group Mid ’97—Start 802.3Working Group Ballot July ’96—IEEE 802.3zGigabit Ethernet Task Force Created End ’96—Basic Concept Agreement

  23. Cabling Support 1000 Mbps MAC (Media Access Control) 802.3z CSMA/CD Ethernet GMII (AUI Equivalent) 1000BaseLX (1300 nm) MMF—550 m SMF—3 km 1000BaseSX (780–850 nm) MMF 300–550 m 1000BaseT Copper Cat 5 UTP 100 m 1000BaseCX Copper STP 25 m Note: Distances based on IEEE 802.3z draft

  24. Topology Alternatives Topology Modes Media Connection Applications Objective • Campus backbone • Building backbone • Wiring closet uplinks • Servers • High throughput • Long distance Switched • Full duplex • Half duplex • Multimode • Singlemode • Copper • Low cost • Short distance Shared • Half duplex • Multimode • Copper • Servers • Desktops (long-term)

  25. DTE DTE 1000BaseX Repeaters Repeater • Only one repeater ina single collision domain • Copper—initially25m link goal,long term100m link goal • Fiber distance limited by timing Model Copper Fiber DTE-DTE (No Repeater) 25m (100m*) 100m One Repeater 50m (200m*) 200m Note: * 100m on UTP with 802.3ab Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 25

  26. Gigabit Ethernet—Shared Topology 25m Cu First 100m Cu Long-Term100m Fiber Maximum 25m Cu First 100m Cu Long-Term100m Fiber Maximum Repeater DTE DTE 50m First, 200m Long-Term Copper Maximum 200m Fiber Maximum

  27. Existing Network Switch or Router 100m Fiber 100m Fiber Repeater Repeater Copper 25m 25m 25m 25m 25m 25m Copper NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC Gigabit Ethernet—Shared Topology (Copper and Fiber) 125m (200m with Fiber) (200m Long-Term with Copper) Note: 100m on UTP with 802.3ab

  28. DTE DTE 1000BaseX Switches Switch • Full duplex for maximum distance • Half duplex possible for connections to repeaters Full-Duplex Model Copper Multimode Fiber Singlemode Fiber DTE-DTE (No Switch) 25m (100m*) 550m 3 km One Switch 50m (200m*) 1 km 6 km Note: * 100m on UTP with 802.3ab

  29. DTE DTE Gigabit Ethernet—Switched Topology 25m Cu (First) 550m MM 3 km SM Maximum 25m Cu (First) 550m MM 3 km SM Maximum Switch 50m Cu (First), 200m Long-Term Maximum 1 km Multimode Maximum 6 km Singlemode Maximum

  30. Gigabit Ethernet—Switched Topology Switch or Router Full-Duplex 550 m Multimode Fiber 3 km Singlemode Fiber Switch Switch Full-Duplex Multimode Fiber Copper 500m 500m 500m 25m 25m 25m 100BT Switch 100BT Switch 100BT Switch NIC NIC NIC 100m UTP NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC Note: 100m on UTP with 802.3ab

  31. Building Applications • Building backbone • Gbps uplinks with fiber to the wiring closets • Gbps switching with copper or short distance fiber in the building data center • Routing and ATM to the wide area network 10 Mbps 10/100 Mbps 1 Gbps 10/100 Mbps WAN Switch ATM Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 31

  32. Campus Applications • Campus backbone • Gbps links with fiber between buildings • Gbps switching with copper or short distance fiber in the campus data center • Routing and ATM to the wide area network Switch Switch Switch Campus Center 1 Gbps Switch Switch Central Switch ATM Switch Switch WAN Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 32

  33. FDDI ATM Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Switch/Hub Port Revenue $ Million Source: DataQuest 8/96

  34. The Gigabit Ethernet Alliance • Formed May 1996 • Cisco/Granite—founding members • 115 members as of 4/1/97 • Cross-industry membership • Web site: http://www.gigabit-ethernet.org Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 34

  35. Gigabit Ethernet Alliance 115 Members across Multiple Industry Segments Networking Computer Semiconductor Alliance Semiconductor AMD Cypress Semiconductor Brooks Technical Group Fujitsu Microelectronic* GEC Plessey Semiconductors Integrated Circuit Systems* Intel* Level One Communications LSI Logic* MMC Networks MicroOptical Devices Motorola Semiconductor* National Semiconductor* NEC Electronics PMC-Sierra SEEQ Technology S-MOS Systems* Synergy Semiconductor Texas Instruments* Vitesse Semiconductor Corp VLSI Technology* 3Com* Acacia Networks Accton Technology Allied Telesyn Intl. Alteon Networks Ancor Communications* Asante Bay Networks* Cabletron* CellSwitch Networks Cisco* Cray Communications A/S CrossComm Digi International D-Link Emulex Corporation* Essential Communications Extreme Networks* Fibronics Fore Systems GigaLabs Granite Systems* HP Networking Division* Hitachi Cable Hitachi Internetworking Ipsilon Networks* Kingston Technology LANart LANOPTICS Lucent Technologies* Macronix America Madge Networks* Mammoth Networks Myricom NBase Communications Neo Networks* NetStar* Network Peripherals ORNET Data Communication+ Packet Engines* Plaintree Systems* Prominet Corporation* Rapid City Communications* Shiva Spike Technologies SMC Sumitomo Electric UB Networks* UNI WideBand Corp* XaQti Xircom* XLNT Designs* Xylan ZNYX Corp. Adaptec Amdahl Corporation Apple Auspex Systems Compaq* Digital* HP* IBM* Siemens AG* Silicon Graphics Sun Microsystems* * Indicates Steering committee member. All others are participating members Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 35

  36. Gigabit Ethernet Alliance—Positioning The Strategic Alternative for Campus LANs and Intranets • Easy, straightforward migration without disruption • Scalability to high performance • Flexibility to handle new applications • Low cost of ownership

  37. Gigabit Ethernet Alliance High-Speed Networking Alternatives Capabilities GigabitEthernet FastEthernet ATM FDDI Requires RFC 1577 and IP over LANE Today, I-PNNI and/or MPOA in Future IP Compatibility Yes Yes Yes Requires LANE 1.0 or Routing from Cells to Packets Ethernet Packets Yes Yes No Handle Multimedia Yes Yes Yes, but Applications Need to Change Yes Quality of Service Yes, with RSVP and 802.1Q/p Yes, with RSVP and 802.1Q/p Yes, with SVCs Yes, with RSVP and 802.1Q/p VLANs with 802.1Q Yes Yes Requires Mapping SVCs to 802.1Q/p Yes Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 37

  38. Gigabit Ethernet AllianceCost of Ownership Expectations 1996 Equipment Price $/Port 1998 Equipment Price $/Port Change % Equipment Type Technology Shared Fast Ethernet Hub $137 –25% $102 Switched Fast Ethernet Switch $785 –36% $500 Shared FDDI Concentrator $835 –19% $680 Switched FDDI Switch $4000 –20% $3200 ATM 622 Mbps (Multimode Fiber) Switch $6600 –36% $4200 Shared Gigabit Ethernet Estimate Based on IEEE Goal (Multimode Fiber) Hub N.A. $920 to $1400 ** (2x to 3x Fast Ethernet MM) Switched Gigabit E-net Estimate Based on IEEE Goal (Multimode Fiber) $1850 to $2800 ** (2x to 3x Fast Ethernet MM) Switch N.A. Source: Dell’Oro Group and **Estimates based on Dell’Oro Group info and IEEE goals Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 38

  39. Gigabit Ethernet Alliance Cost of Ownership Expectations • Low equipment cost • Low cost for incremental training • Leverage installed base of: • Applications • Protocols • NOS • Desktop connections (NICs and drivers) • Installed fiber cabling • Network management objects

  40. When Will Gigabit Ethernet Happen? • Standards timing • Technology availability • Pre-standard product timing • Interoperability • Production product timing

  41. Gigabit Ethernet Timing Pre-Standard Products Interop Testing Production Products ’98 ’95 ’96 ’97 1Q ’98—CompleteStandard Nov. ’95—IEEE 802.3 CommissionsHigh-Speed Study Group Mid ’97—Start 802.3Working Group Ballot July ’96—IEEE 802.3zGigabit Ethernet Task Force Created End ’96—Basic Concept Agreement

  42. Enterprise Customer Views • “Gigabit Ethernet shows promise” • Discussions from July 1996 to present • “A solution focus is needed” • Migration critical to successful deployment • Require more than “Gigabit Ethernet” • Gigabit Networking solutions required • Lots of product elements/functions needed

  43. Key Customer Issues—Gigabit Ethernet Basic Requirements Advanced Requirements Network Services Multiprotocol Support Mature Gigabit L3 Switching Easy Migration Steps High Server Throughput High System Availability Accelerate IP and IPX Performance Redundancy Backbone MTU Size Flexibility Minimize Cable Plant Changes Mature Gigabit L2 Switching “Rock Solid” Standards Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 43

  44. Deployment—User Views Service Policy Mgt. Network “Centric” Mgt. Device “Centric”Management Production Deployment Pilot Production Confidence Technology Evaluation Demonstrated Interoperability Time

  45. Scaling Campus Networks • Campus scaling requirements • Ethernet migration paths • Ethernet vs. ATM for the campus • Key Challenges • Solutions for scaling performance • Summary of Cisco’s position

  46. Campus Scaling Requirements • Bandwidth performance/latency reduction • Installed equipment compatibility • Desktop/server/network • Installed LAN protocol compatibility • QOS or “class of service” vs. lots of bandwidth • WAN compatibility • Service integration • Product availability

  47. Bandwidth Scaling Gigabit Ethernet(Switched) Mbps ATM OC-12(Switched) ATM OC-3(Switched) Fast Ethernet(Switched) FDDI (Shared) Token Ring (Shared) Ethernet (Shared) 14 2 Number of Users Per Segment

  48. Ethernet Migration Paths Switched Gigabit Ethernet Switched Fast Ethernet Switched Ethernet Shared Gigabit Ethernet Shared Fast Ethernet Shared Ethernet Migration Path—Increasing Speed 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps Cisco Systems Confidential 0822_04F7_c2 48

  49. 100 Mbps Central Switch ATM Scaling—Fast Ethernet Building Backbone “Fast Ethernet between Floors and in the Building Data Center” Campus Backbone “Fast Ethernet between Buildings and in the Central Data Center” 10 Mbps 10/100 Mbps Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps 10/100 Mbps WAN ATM

  50. 800 Mb 800 Mb 600 Mb 400 Mb Cisco Fast EtherChannel™ • Problem: The deployment of dedicated 10/100 connectivity requires higher-speed uplink bandwidth • Switch to Switch • Switch to Server • Switch to Router • Router to Server • Solution: Fast EtherChannel • Scalable bandwidth up to 800 Mb • True load balancing across links • Scalable to Gigabit EtherChannel Fast EtherChannel Speed Note: Full duplex BW

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