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Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures - Understanding Different Forms of Matter

Explore the classification of matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures. Learn about the properties, characteristics, and separation techniques of each form.

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Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures - Understanding Different Forms of Matter

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  1. ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES MATTER

  2. MATTER • What is matter? • Anything that has volume and takes up space…. • So…everything • Matter can be classified into different groups

  3. MATTER (has mass and volume) Mixtures (more than one kind of matter) Pure Substances Homogeneous (Looks the same) Heterogeneous (can see individual pieces) Heterogeneous Elements (on the periodic table) Compound (have a Formula) Solutions Suspensions Colloids

  4. MATTER (has mass and volume) Pure Substances Heterogeneous Elements (on the periodic table)

  5. Elements (pure substances) • If it is on the periodic table…it is an ELEMENT. • O Oxygen C Carbon • Na Sodium N Nitrogen H Hydrogen are all elements

  6. PeriodicTable of Elements (pure substances) H C N O Na Cl Every symbol on the periodic table represents an element. You should be familiar with some of the above symbols are already.

  7. ELEMENTS • All atoms of an element are mostly the same • Have a symbol on the periodic table • cannot be decomposed into simpler substances • Cannot be separated by physical means • Building blocks of matter

  8. MATTER (has mass and volume) Pure Substances Heterogeneous Elements (on the periodic table) Compound (have a Formula)

  9. Compounds • are alsoPURE SUBSTANCES • MADE OF 2 OR MORE ELEMENTS CHEMICALLY COMBINEDIN A FIXED RATIO • ALSO CANNONT BE SEPARATED BY PHYSICAL MEANS, but CAN BE SEPARATED BY CHEMICAL REACTIONS

  10. COMPOUNDS CANNOT BE SEPARATED BY PHYSICAL MEANS “Physical Means” include boiling, freezing, filtration, distillation or evaporation.

  11. Compounds • HAVE A CHEMICAL FORMULA Ex.BaBr2 or NaCl • elements are joined DURING A CHEMICAL REACTION • atoms lose their individual properties

  12. Two or more elements bonded together form COMPOUNDS C O C O O Carbon dioxide (CO2)

  13. Two or more elements bonded together form COMPOUNDS Na Cl Cl Na Sodium chloride (NaCl) aka table salt

  14. Two or more elements bonded together form COMPOUNDS H O O H H Dihydrogenmonoxide(H2O)aka water

  15. MATTER (has mass and volume) Mixtures (more than one kind of matter) Pure Substances Heterogeneous Elements (on the periodic table) Compound (have a Formula)

  16. MIXTURES • Mixture: substance that is not pure • two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically joined • EACH SUBSTANCE RETAINS IT’S OWN PROPERTIES • can be separated by physical means • Do not have a chemical formula • Can be made of two or more compounds put together

  17. MATTER (has mass and volume) Mixture of a pure substance Pure Substances Homogeneous (Looks the same) Heterogeneous (can see individual pieces) Heterogeneous Elements (on the periodic table) Compound (have a Formula)

  18. TWO Types OF MIXTURES • HETEROGENEOUS- NOT UNIFORM, CAN SEE INDIVIDUAL PARTS • HOMOGENEOUS- IS UNIFORM, CANNOT SEE INDIVIDUAL PARTS

  19. Examples of Heterogeneous mixtures • Cereal • Soil • Salad • Pizza • Chocolate chip cookies

  20. MATTER (has mass and volume) Mixtures (more than one kind of matter) Pure Substances Homogeneous (Looks the same) Heterogeneous (can see individual pieces) Heterogeneous Elements (on the periodic table) Compound (have a Formula) Suspensions

  21. Suspensions: • Heterogeneous • LARGE particles • Particles settle to form layers

  22. MATTER (has mass and volume) Mixtures (more than one kind of matter) Pure Substances Homogeneous (Looks the same) Heterogeneous (can see individual pieces) Heterogeneous Elements (on the periodic table) Compound (have a Formula) Suspensions Colloids

  23. COLLOIDS • ARE HOMOGENEOUS (UNIFORM) • HAVE LARGE PARTICLES • Particles stay suspended • ARE CLOUDY IN APPEARANCE • ARE ONLY ONE COLOR • Tyndall Effect

  24. MILK

  25. EXAMPLES • Milk • Paint • SMOKE • FOG • BLOOD • JELLO

  26. MATTER (has mass and volume) Mixtures (more than one kind of matter) Pure Substances Homogeneous (Looks the same) Heterogeneous (can see individual pieces) Heterogeneous Elements (on the periodic table) Compound (have a Formula) Solutions Suspensions Colloids

  27. SOLUTIONS • Always look the same throughout ex: Kool aide • Can be any color but are always one color • Are usually transparent (see-through) • Do not have formulas

  28. Some mixtures appear to be a pure substance because their appearance is consistent all the way through • Ex: Brass, Air and Salt water are all HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES. NS. Air

  29. The Composition of Air Nitrogen Helium Oxygen Air Neon Water vapor Carbon dioxide Argon Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 34

  30. MORE EXAMPLES OF SOLUTIONS • LEMONADE • ICED TEA • COFFEE • AIR

  31. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 68

  32. Looking under the microscope • Elements – have only one type of atom

  33. Compounds • Two of more elements in a fixed ratio

  34. Mixtures • Consists of two or more elements or compounds in an Unfixed composition

  35. SEPARATING MIXTURES used to separate substances in mixtures. • Filtration - a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid. • Distillation – a separation technique used to separate substances based on different boiling points. • Crystallization – a separation technique that results in the formation of a pure solid particles from a solution containing the dissolved substance.

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