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Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s Disease. AD Overview. Is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death. AD Overview. AD is diagnosed in people over 65 years of age, although early-onset Alzheimer's can occur much earlier.

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Alzheimer’s Disease

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  1. Alzheimer’s Disease

  2. AD Overview Is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death.

  3. AD Overview AD is diagnosed in people over 65 years of age, although early-onset Alzheimer's can occur much earlier.

  4. AD Overview In the early stages, the most common symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. 

  5. AD Overview As the disease advances, symptoms include confusion, aggression, mood swings, trouble with language, and long-term memory loss

  6. AD Overview Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death.

  7. AD Overview The cause and progression of Alzheimer's disease are not well understood. 

  8. AD Overview Research indicates that the disease is associated with plaques and tangles in the brain

  9. AD Overview There are no available treatments that stop or reverse the progression of the disease

  10. AD Overview Mental stimulation, exercise, and a balanced diet have been suggested as ways to delay cognitive symptoms

  11. Early Characteristics The most noticeable deficit is memory loss, which shows up as difficulty in remembering recently learned facts and inability to acquire new information

  12. Early Characteristics Depressive symptoms, irritability and reduced awareness of subtle memory difficulties also occur commonly

  13. Early Characteristics Language problems are mainly characterized by a shrinking vocabulary and decreased word fluency

  14. Advanced Characteristics Language is reduced to simple phrases or even single words, leading to complete loss of speech

  15. Advanced Characteristics People can often understand and return emotional signals

  16. Advanced Characteristics People with AD will ultimately not be able to perform even the simplest tasks without assistance

  17. Advanced Characteristics Muscle mass and mobility deteriorate to the point where they are bedridden, and they lose the ability to feed themselves

  18. Cause of AD The cause for most Alzheimer's cases is still essentially unknown. However, some hypothesis exists.

  19. Cause of AD Beta Amyloid Hypothesis: Protein (beta-amyloid) accumulation in the brain is the fundamental cause of the disease

  20. Cause of AD Support: the location of the gene for the amyloid protein on chromosome 21

  21. Cause of AD Support: people with trisomy 21 (DS) almost universally exhibit AD by 40 years of age

  22. Pathophysiology of AD Alzheimer's disease has been identified as a protein misfolding disease

  23. Pathophysiology of AD Caused by accumulation of abnormally folded beta amyloid proteins in the brain

  24. Pathophysiology of AD Protein accumulation is involved with damage in the brain

  25. Pathophysiology of AD Alzheimer's disease is characterized by damages including the loss of neurons and synapses in the brain

  26. Football & Brain Damage Hard football hits cause concussions, which is a general term for bruising in the brain.

  27. Football & Brain Damage Hard football hits cause concussions, which is a general term for bruising in the brain.

  28. Football & Brain Damage Normally, a protein called S100B is found only in the brain

  29. Football & Brain Damage S100B can found in the blood stream of people that suffered brain injuries

  30. Football & Brain Damage S100B in the blood stream is seen by the immune system as a foreign invader

  31. Football & Brain Damage The immune system attacks the S100B protein in the blood stream as well as in the brain

  32. Football & Brain Damage Leads to immune system attacking brain tissue and causing brain damage

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