Outline

1. Convergence of Heterogeneous Network and IT infrastructures in Support of Fixed and Mobile Cloud Services

2. Outline • CONTENT Overview • Motivation, Technical Approaches • Proposed approach: CONTENT • Converged infrastructure integrating optical metro and wireless access network technologies with computational resources • Enabling technology: Virtualization across all technology domains • Virtual infrastructure planning • Modelling results: power consumption & delay • Conclusions

3. Project Overview • CONTENT focuses on developing a next generation ubiquitous converged network infrastructure to support the network of the future • It isbe based on the IaaS paradigm and provide a technology platform interconnecting geographically distributed computational resources in support of Cloud and mobile Cloud services • Connectivity between end-users and the IT resources is provided by an advanced multi-technology network infrastructure, where IT resources are shared and accessed in accordance to the cloud computing paradigm • Project data • Project Duration: 36 months • Total Budget: 2,775,710 € • Grant Requested: 2,011,130 € • Number of partners: 7 • Person Months: 323

4. CONTENT Consortium

5. Motivation • Internet traffic is expected to exceed 1 zettabyte per year by 2016 • number of end devices and users connected to the Internet, broadband access speed, new high performance applications • Mobile internet users are expected to exceed in number the desktop internet users after year 2013 • huge increase in mobile data: the majority coming from Cloud computing applications • need for the next generation, sustainable network, interconnecting users and computational resources • Strong candidate: a heterogeneous network integrating optical metro and wireless access technologies to interconnect end users with computational resources Source: White Paper, Cisco Global Cloud Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2011–2016

6. Supporting Fixed & Mobile Cloud Services • Cloudlet Approach: Micro DCs in the wireless access to support mobile cloud traffic and large DCs in the core to support fixed cloud traffic • Proposed Approach – CONTENT: Common DC infrastructure fully converged with the broadband wireless access and the metro optical network

7. Proposed Approach • Computational resources (DCs) are interconnected with fixed and mobile end users through a heterogeneous network integrating optical metro and wireless access network technologies • An advanced optical network solution supporting sub-wavelength switching granularity is integrated with wireless Long Term Evolution (LTE) access network technology supporting end user mobility through wireless backhauling • The concept of virtualization across all technology domains is adopted to support the IaaS paradigm and the diverse and deterministic QoS needs of future Cloud and mobile Cloud services • physical resources can be deployed and managed as logical services • sharing of physical resources that can be accessed on-demand • create new business models and enable exploitation opportunities for the underlying physical infrastructures

8. Converged Infrastructure Anna Tzanakaki, Markos P. Anastasopoulos, Georgios S. Zervas, Bijan R. Rofoee, Reza Nejabati, Dimitra Simeonidou, “Virtualization of Heterogeneous Wireless-Optical Network and IT infrastructures in support of Cloud and Mobile Cloud Services, IEEE Communications Magazine, August 2013

9. Wireless Access and Optical Metro Data Plane • Wireless Access: LTE Solution • Theoretical net bit-rate capacity of up to 100 Mbps per sector in the downlink and 50 Mbps per sector in the uplink of a 20 MHz channel is assumed • Optical Data Plane: Time Shared Optical Network (TSON) • Frame-based, time multiplexing metro network solution, offering dynamic connectivity with fine sub-wavelength bandwidth granularity • Fixed and mobile cloud traffic differentiation is achieved through prioritization/sorting of the Ethernet frames • TSON edge nodes provide the interfaces between the wireless and the optical domains as well as optical and DC domains • The ingress TSON edge nodes are responsible for traffic aggregation and mapping, while the egress edge nodes have the reverse functionality • The TSON core nodes offer transparent optical switching of the optical frames

10. Integration of Technology Domains • TSON edge nodes receive the Ethernet frames and arrange them to different buffers that are part of the node. • The Ethernet frames are aggregated into TSON frames, which are then assigned to a suitable time-slot and wavelength for further transmission in the network on a First In First Out (FIFO) basis. • When these frames reach the interface between the optical and the DC domains the reverse function takes place

11. Overall Architecture

12. Architecture Layers • Heterogeneous Physical Infrastructure Layer: including wireless (LTE/WiFi) domains, and an optical metro network domain (TSON) interconnecting distributed Data Centres. • Infrastructure Management Layer: responsible for orchestrated resource abstraction, resource management and virtualization of the physical resources across the heterogeneous network domains involved in the CONTENT infrastructure.  • Control Layer: responsible to provision cloud and mobile cloud services seamlessly across the heterogeneous technology domains in an orchestrated manner to support optimized performance, QoS guarantees, QoE requirements as well as resource efficiency and sustainability.  • Service Orchestration Layer: responsible for the efficient coordination of the cloud resources and the end-to-end composition and delivery of Cloud and network services.

13. Virtualization over heterogeneous infrastructures • Abstraction of the physical resources into logical resources that can then be assigned as independent entities to different virtual infrastructures and shared by a variety of virtual operators and end users • The objective is to implement dynamically reconfigurable unified virtual infrastructures over the underlying converged optical and wireless network segments interconnecting IT resources

14. Virtual Infrastructure Planning • Objective: dynamically reconfigurable, energy efficient virtual infrastructures • VI planning: identifying optimal virtual infrastructure and mapping the virtual to physical resources • The overall network power consumption model considers: • The active elements of the WDM metro network, based on the Time Shared Optical Network (TSON), supporting frame-based sub-wavelength switching granularity • A cellular LTE system for the wireless access domain and a collection of wireless microwave links for the interconnection of the LTE-enabled based stations • Linear power consumption for the DCs • 100% power overhead due to cooling • Mobility model: A stochastic mobility model has been adopted to predict mobile users’ locations and ensure seamless service provisioning across the various network segments

15. Impact of Mobility • Service-to-Mobility Factor: fraction of the service holding time over the cell residence time • The power consumption increases with mobility • For high mobility additional resources are required to support the VI in the wireless access domain • This additional resource requirement propagates in the optical metro network and the IT domains

16. Performance Comparison: Delay • Comparison in terms of delay between the proposed architecture and cloudlets • Common delays in the wireless access are omitted • The TSON propagation delay is not considered (optical rings <5km) • Less than 2ms additional delay is introduced by the TSON network. • Considering that the minimum packet delay in LTE networks is measured to be of the order of 100ms the additional 2ms delay TSON delay is negligible. • The additional TSON delay, can be compensated by allocating extra resources in the DC domain

17. Performance Comparison: Power • Impact of traffic load on power consumption for the proposed and the Cloudlet scheme • the proposed approach can potentially offer energy savings • the wireless access technology is responsible for over 40% of the overall power consumption • the optical network consumes less than 10% of the energy

18. Impact of Resilience • 1+1 protection for the DCs • The protection mechanism introduces an increase in the power consumption of the order of 20%

19. Conclusions • Motivation • Technical Approaches: Cloudlets & CONTENT • Proposed approach: CONTENT • Converged infrastructure integrating optical metro and wireless access network technologies with computational resources • Enabling technology: Virtualization across all technology domains • Virtual infrastructure planning • Modelling results: • Power consumption increases with mobility, wireless access has big contribution • The proposed approach can potentially offer energy savings with minimal impact on delay

20. Thank you!