Welcome

1. Emergency First Aid Training Welcome

3. P P P The aims of first aid Preserve Life Prevent Worsening Promote Recovery

4. D R A B C Priorities of treatment – Primary survey 2 Danger Response Airway Breathing Circulation

5. D Danger? YES Remove Danger R NO Response? NO Help! A Open Airway B Normal Breathing? NO Call 999/112 Now (If not already done) Resuscitation 30 to 2 • Give 30 chest compressions, then 2 rescue breaths. • Continue giving cycles of 30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. • Only stop to recheck the casualty if they start to wake up AND start breathing normally. • If there is more than one rescuer, change over every 1 - 2 minutes to prevent fatigue. Resuscitation flow chart 3

6. D R A B Resuscitation 4-8 Danger Response Airway Breathing Normally?

7. Resuscitation 4-8 WARNING: “In the first few minutes after cardiac arrest, a casualty may be barely breathing, or taking infrequent, noisy gasps. These are known as ‘agonal’ gasps, and should not be confused with normal breathing.” If you are in doubt, start CPR.

8. Child and baby CPR 7 Child and baby CPR 7 First Aiders can use the adult sequence of resuscitation on a child or baby who is unresponsive and not breathing.

9. Give five initial rescue breaths before starting chest compressions For a child over 1 year,use one or two handsto achieve an adequate depth For a babyunder 1 year, use two fingers Child and baby CPR 7 The following minor modifications to the adult sequence will, however, make it even more suitable for use in children: Compress the chest by about one-thirdof its depth: If you are on your own, perform resuscitation for about 1minute before going for help

10. Vomiting 8 Gurgling noises when giving rescue breaths?

11. Secondary survey 9 Primary Survey First – DRABC Recovery Position? History, Signs and Symptoms Head and Neck Shoulders and Chest Abdomen and Pelvis Legs and Arms Pockets and Clues

12. 9 Recovery Position

13. The respiratory system

14. The respiratory system

15. Cough! 5 Back Blows 5 Abdominal Thrusts Choking adult or child 11

16. 5 Back Blows 5 Chest Thrusts Choking baby 13

17. Choking – unconscious casualty 4-7 Start CPR

18. About one third Shock 14

19. S E E P Treatment of bleeding 15 Sit or Lay Examine Elevate Pressure

20. Indirect pressure points

21. Types of wound – laceration

22. Types of wound – laceration

23. Types of wound – laceration

24. Types of wound – puncture wound

25. 17 Types of wound – amputation

26. Severity of burns 19 S Size C Cause A Age L Location D Depth

27. 1% Burns – estimating the area 19

28. Burns 19

29. 1 Cool 2 Remove 3 Dress Burns treatment 19

30. Broken bones – The skeleton 20

31. Broken bones – signs and symptoms 20 Pain Loss of power Unnatural movement Swelling or bruising Deformity Irregularity Crepitus Tenderness

32. Types of fracture – closed

33. Types of fracture – open

34. Types of fracture – open fracture Note the poor aseptic technique!

35. Types of fracture – open fracture

36. Dislocated Normal Dislocation

37. 7 Cervical 12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar 5 Fused Sacral The spine 21

38. Aorta CoronaryArtery The heart 22

39. Coronary Artery Wall Cholesterol Plaque Reduced blood flow Angina 22 Angina

40. Blood Clot Heart attack 22 Heart Attack

41. Blood clot Heart attack 22

42. Blood clot Area of dyingheart muscle Heart attack 22

43. Angina and heart attack 22 Angina Heart Attack Onset Sudden, usually during exertion, stress or extreme weather. Sudden, can occur at rest. Pain Vice-like squashing pain.‘Dull’, ‘tightness’ or ‘pressure’.Can be mistaken for indigestion. Vice-like squashing pain.‘Dull’, ‘tightness’ or ‘pressure’.Can be mistaken for indigestion. Location of Pain Central chest. Can radiate intoarms, neck, jaw, back, shoulders. Central chest. Can radiate into arms, neck, jaw, back, shoulders. Duration 3 – 8 Minutes, rarely longer. Usually longer than 30 minutes. Skin Pale, may be sweaty. Pale, grey colour. May sweat profusely. Pulse Variable. Often becomesirregular, missing beats. Variable. Often becomesirregular, missing beats. Shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sense of ‘impending doom’. Shortness of breath,weakness, anxiety. Other signs and symptoms Factors giving relief Resting, reducing stress,taking ‘GTN’ medication. GTN medication may give partial or no relief.

44. F A S T Stroke 23 Facial weakness Arm weakness Speech problems Time to call 999!

45. Normal Unequal Dilated Stroke 23

46. insulin sugar Fixed amount injected: Eaten: Diabetes 24 To balance the insulin taken. Burns up sugar!

47. sugar insulin Diabetes – untreated 24

48. sugar insulin Diabetes – low blood sugar 24 Or not eaten enough food; Overdosedon insulin Or over exercised.

49. Diabetes – low blood sugar 24 Why is low blood sugar so dangerous? Brain cells can only use glucose(sugar) for energy. Oxygen + Food = Energy = LIFE

50. Low Blood Sugar High Blood Sugar Diabetes 24 Onset Slow Fast Levels of response Deteriorate slowly Deteriorate rapidly Skin Pale, cold, sweaty Dry and Warm Breathing Deep sighing breaths Shallow and rapid Pulse Rapid Rapid Excessive urinationVery thirstyHungerFruity smell on breath Other symptoms May be confused for drunkenness