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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. 1. ATP. CO 2 + H 2 O. Oxidation. Reduction. 3 metabolic pathways. Breakdown glucose. Requires O 2. When H + + e - removed from glucose. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O. + ATP. When O 2 accepts H + and e -. Remove energy slowly. 39% recovery.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration 1 ATP CO2 + H2O Oxidation Reduction 3 metabolic pathways Breakdown glucose Requires O2 When H+ + e- removed from glucose C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP When O2 accepts H+ and e- Remove energy slowly 39% recovery Minimal heat

  2. Redox Coenzymes 2 Small organic molecules Oxidize metabolites by accepting H+ and e- Reduce metabolites by giving up H+ and e- NAD+ 1 H+ and 2 e- NADH FAD 2 H+ and 2e- FADH2

  3. Complete Glucose Breakdown 3 4 phases Glycolysis Glucose 6C 2 pyruvate 3C, 2 ATP & NADH Fermentation 2 ATP Transition reaction Pyruvate Acetyl group 2C, CO2 & NADH Krebs cycle Acetyl-CoA 2 ATP, CO2 NADH & FADH2 Electron transport NADH & FADH2deliver e- 32/34 ATP

  4. Glycolysis 4 Cytoplasm 2 ATP 2 ADP 2 C3 P 4 steps No O2 All organisms Before Krebs cycle & e- transport Before mitochondria & chloroplasts Energy investment: Glucose is activated C6 G3P (Glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate)

  5. Glycolysis: Energy harvest 5 2 C3 P + H2PO4 2 2 C3 C3 P P 2 NAD+ 2 NADH P P Kinase 4 ADP 4 ATP G3P is oxidized and phosphorylated BPG Mitochondria Substrate level phosphorylation 4 ATP 2 C3 Pyruvate Cytoplasm

  6. Mitochondria 6 Cristae Matrix Outer membrane Electron transport 2 Pyruvate Transition Krebs cycle

  7. Preparatory (Transition) Reaction 7 Matrix C2 & bound to Coenzyme A Electron transport OH = O CO2 C NADH C CoA NAD+ = O + CH3 C = O CH3 Acetyl CoA Pyruvate Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle) Connects glycolysis to Krebs cycle Pyruvate (C3) +CoA

  8. Krebs Cycle 8 Mitochondrial matrix CoA C6 citrate NAD+ NADH NADH NAD C5 NAD+ C4 NADH FAD FADH2 Turns 2X for each glucose (Citric acid cycle) Acetyl-CoA + C4 CO2 ATP CO2

  9. 2 2 pyruvates 9 #3 #1 #2 Electron transport Cristae 2X/glucose 6 NADH 2 ATP 2 FADH2

  10. Electron Transport 10 e- e- ADP + P ATP Cristae + O2 10 NADH and 2FADH2 + H+ Series of transporters from one to the other Reduced then oxidized O2 accepts e- Carriers pump H+ Inter-membrane space 10X [H+] gradient ATP synthase Oxidative phosphorylation

  11. ATP Production 11 Transferred from 1 molecule to another P Substrate-level phosphorylation Glycolysis Krebs cycle Oxidative phosphorylation Chemiosmosis Oxygen is final e- acceptor e- transport H+ from matrix H+ gradient Osmosis of H+ ATP synthase ATP ATP exits mitochondria by facilitated diffusion

  12. Cytoplasm glucose Mitochondria 12 ATP ATP 6 2 ATP 6 Electron Transport ATP ATP 2 18 Krebs Cycle ATP 4 Glycolysis 2 NADH 2 pyruvate 2 NADH 2 acetyl-CoA 6 NADH 2 FADH2 Substrate level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation 34 ATP 4 ATP

  13. 1 2e- 2 3 4 5 NADH ATP FADH2 ATP ½ O ATP

  14. Fermentation 13 NAD+ NADH CO2 + EtOH No O2 Glycolysis Pyruvate Remains in cytoplasm Muscle contraction Beer Lactic acid Blood Burst of 2 ATP pH Muscle fatigue

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