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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Chapter 9. How many calories are in…. 1 large apple 55 calories. Guess: How many calories are in this picture?. 1250 Calories Big Mac without cheese 590 Medium french fries 450 Medium regular soft drink 210. How many calories are in….

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration Chapter 9

  2. How many calories are in… 1 large apple 55 calories

  3. Guess: How many calories are in this picture? • 1250 Calories • Big Mac without cheese 590 • Medium french fries 450 • Medium regular soft drink 210

  4. How many calories are in… 1 cheesesteak from Pat’s 767 calories

  5. Small Chicken Caesar Salad 596 Calories

  6. How many calories are in… Peanut butter and jelly on wheat 400 calories

  7. How many calories are in… 24 regular cheese Doritos 300 calories

  8. How many calories are in… 24 Baked nacho cheese Doritos 144 calories

  9. How many calories are in… 1 spicy tuna roll 450 calories

  10. How many calories are in… 1 - 32 ounce bottle of Gatorade 200 calories

  11. How many calories are in… 1 - 16 ounce Starbucks caramel Frappuccino 380 calories

  12. How many calories are in… 1 bag of skittles 250 calories

  13. How many calories are in… 1 baked potato with cheese and bacon 600 calories

  14. How many calories are in… 2 tablespoons hidden valley ranch dip 200 calories

  15. How many calories are in… 2 stalks celery 17 calories

  16. Watch How Cells Obtain Energy from 0-3:45

  17. Cellular Respiration • Definition: Process that releases energy by breaking down food in the presence of oxygen • Occurs in your mitochondria Equation: Watch How Cells obtain Energy from3:45-5:40

  18. How much energy is in food? • calorie –energy needed to raise the temp. of 1 g of water by 1 degree Celsius • Calorie –measures food energy (aka kilocalorie) • 1 Calorie = 1000 calories • Food packages use kilocalorie • 1 kilocalorie = _______ calories? • EX: Can of soda = 200 food Calories 1000 Why is soda so bad?

  19. Calories generate ATP • 3500 Calories = 1 pound of fat • To lose 1 lb reduce diet by 3500 Calories • Lose 2 lbs? ________ • Lose 10 lbs? _________ • 1 gram carbs = 4 Calories • 1 gram protein = 4 Calories • 1 gram fat = 9 Calories 7000 35,000

  20. How many calories do our cells need to function per day? 3 factors impacting calorie intake: • Basal metabolic rate • Physical activity • Thermiceffect of food

  21. Let’s calculate your BMR: • Convert your height to cm: ____ in x 2.54 • Convert your weight to kg: ____ lbs x 0.454 • Females: • BMR = 655 + (9.6 x weight in kg.) + (1.8 x height in cm) - (4.7 x age in years). • Males: • BMR = 66 + (13.7 x weight in kg.) + (5 x height in cm) - (6.8 x age in years).

  22. Why are marathon runners able to run for such long periods of time? How do sprinters run so fast? Can someone who’s a talented sprinter also be equally talented at running long distance?

  23. Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Slow twitch muscles Fast twitch muscles • Sustain repeated, long contractions • Do NOT generate quick energy • Slow/steady muscle activity • Used in endurance • Contract quickly and powerfully • Fatigue easily • Short bursts of intense exercise • Ex: weight lifting, sprinting

  24. Fast twitch Slow twitch

  25. Muscle Background Info • All muscles contain slow & fast • % of each depends on muscle type and person • Quadriceps • Marathon runners = 80% slow twitch • Sprinters = 60% fast twitch • What makes this types of muscle fibers ideal for these types of runners?

  26. Life Requires Energy • We eat food (calories) in order to generate ATP using a process called cellular respiration. • Growth • Move • Reproduce • Transport materials • Manufacture products • Build/maintain structure

  27. What does “respiration” mean?

  28. Respiration – synonym for breathing • Exchange of gases (take in O2 release CO2) • NOT the same as CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules

  29. Cellular Respiration • 2 Types of Cellular Respiration • Anaerobic respiration: When no oxygen is present • Aerobic respiration: When oxygen is present

  30. Glycolysis • Both start with Glycolysis: “splitting of sugars” • Occurs in Cytoplasm • Glucose  Pyruvate • Invest 2 ATP • Get out 4 ATP • What’s the net profit?2ATP

  31. After Glycolysis, 2 options: Fermentation No O2 Glycolysis O2 Aerobic Respiration

  32. Fermentation • If no oxygen is present in the organism, then its best option is a simple process called fermentation. • Definition: releases energy from food molecules by making ATP in absence of oxygen • 2 types: • Lactic acid fermentation • Pyruvate Lactic acid + 2 NAD+ • Alcohol Fermentation • Pyruvate Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

  33. Fermentation Lactic Acid Alcohol • Lactate (lactic acid) produced • Used by humans in lack of O2 • Soreness in muscles • Used in dairy industry by bacteria to make cheese & yogurt • Ethanol and CO2 produced • Yeast – single-cell fungi • Usually uses aerobic • Can survive without oxygen with high amounts of glucose • Used in brewing, winemaking, and baking

  34. Diagrams of Fermentation Lactic Acid Alcohol

  35. Aerobic Respiration Option 2: If oxygen is present, then the organism will use aerobic respiration to get a lot “bang for its buck.”

  36. Watch: 6:30 – 8:22 Aerobic Respiration Overview Step 2 Step 1 Step 3

  37. Stages of Aerobic Respiration • Glycolysis • Kreb’s Cycle • Electron Transport Chain

  38. GLYCOLYSIS 2 ATP Glucose  Pyruvate +

  39. 2. Kreb’s Cycle • a.k.a Citric Acid Cycle • Aerobic – requires oxygen • Occurs in Matrix of Mitochondria • Products: • 2 ATP • 6 CO2 (waste) • 8 NADH (goes to electron transport chain) • 2 FADH (goes to electron transport chain)

  40. 3. Electron Transport Chain • Uses high energy electrons • 8 NADH/2 FADH2 from Kreb’s Cycle • 2 NADH from Glycolysis • Occurs on the inner membrane called the cristae • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor • Produces a whopping 34 ATP! Claymation ETC

  41. Click on photo – show without sound • Electron Transport • Hydrogen Ion Movement • ATP Production through ATP synthase

  42. Glucose(C6H1206) + Oxygen(02) Glycolysis KrebsCycle ElectronTransportChain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) Summary of Cellular Respiration = 38 ATP - 2 ATP = 2 ATP = 2 NADH (3) - 2 ATP = 2 ATP = 8 NADH (3) = 2 FADH (2) = 34 ATP Net Reaction = 36 ATP Totals = 6 CO2, 10 NADH, 2 FADH, 36 ATP

  43. Poisons

  44. Pyruvate Pyruvate + O2 Alcoholic or Lactic Acid Krebs Cycle andETC Alcohol or lactic acid CO2 + H2O 2 36 Active Art Fermentation vs. Respiration

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