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Ground-based Lidar Network to Provide Ozone and Aerosol Data for Air-quality Study and GEO-CAP mission AQRS , Nov. 17, 2011.

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  1. Ground-based Lidar Network to Provide Ozone and Aerosol Data for Air-quality Study and GEO-CAP mission AQRS, Nov. 17, 2011 Mike Newchurch1, Shi Kuang1, R. J. Alvarez3, John Burris2, John Hair5, Mike Hardesty3, A. O. Langford3, Stuart McDermid6, Tom McGee2, Brad Pierce4, Christoph Senff3, Lihua Wang1 1UAHuntsville 2NASA/GSFC 3NOAA/ESRL 4University of Wisconsin 5NASA/LaRC6NASA/JPL

  2. Outline • I. Motivation • II. Scientific investigations • III. Hardware configurations

  3. I. Motivationof lidar measurements GEO-CAPE will measure tropospheric gases and aerosols at ~8km and hourly resolution. Vertical resolution is on the order of 5-10km in the troposphere. This vertical resolution is inadequate to resolve laminar structures that characterize tropospheric ozone and aerosols. Furthermore, GEO-CAPE information content in the PBL will likely be inadequate to resolve the processes responsible for air quality variability. We seek, therefore, to augment the spaceborne measurements with a ground-based measurement system. Ozonesondes are extensively used in various atmospheric chemistry studies because of their low upfront cost and well-characterized behavior. However, the whole process for a sonde launch typically requires four hours. And four-hour ozonesonde resolution is prohibitively expensive. We therefore consider lidars to provide the necessary spatial and temporal resolution. JPL-Table Mountain Facility http://tmf-lidar.jpl.nasa.gov/index.htm

  4. Comparison of the techniques for ozone observation a For OMI tropospheric ozone retrieval [Liu et al. 2010], [Worden et al. 2007]. b For ground-based only. The airborne lidar system can measure ozone with a 600-m spatial resolution, e.g., [Langford et al. 2011]. c For ground-base system, e.g., Sunnesson et al.1994; Proffitt and Langford 1997; Kuang et al. 2011. The temporal resolution is strongly related to the retrieval uncertainty. Generally longer integration time will reduce the uncertainty arising from statistical error. d The estimated cost is based on $800/launch and launching 6 sondes every day. e Fishman J. et al. manuscript, in prep.

  5. O3 measurement with a 4-hour temporal resolution

  6. Lidar ozone curtain with10-minute resolution ozonesonde

  7. II. Scientific investigations addressed by the lidar network

  8. Model (RAQMS) validation (simulated by B. Pierce) May 5 May 4 May 3, 2010 EPA surface Daytime PBL top collapsed May 01 May 02 May 03 May 04 May 05 May 06 May 07 May 08 Missed May 6 (high PBL O3) May 7

  9. O3 Transport: Nocturnal O3 enhancement associated with low-level jet Co-located wind profiler Kuang et al. Atmospheric Environment 2011 Low-level jet Higher increasing rate of the surface O3 due to the low-level transport on the previous day Lidar Oct. 4, 2008 Oct. 1, 08 Oct. 2, 08 Oct. 4, 08 Oct. 3, 08 Positive correlation of ozone and aerosol due to transport Co-located ceilometer backscatter Aerosol Oct. 6, 08 Oct. 5, 08 Surface O3 and convective boundary layer height

  10. Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport and its CMAQ Model simulation, Nov. 5, 2010 Modeled by ArastooPour-Biazar GOME total O3 Nov. 5 Huntsville Lidar O3 Stratospheric O3, zero RH Sonde Ozonesonde showing the high O3 and dry layer Local time

  11. High-resolution PBL lidar observation suggests both UV and Vis radiances required to capture significant PBL signal for satellite Huntsville lidar observation on Aug. 4, 2010 Lidar obs. convolved with OMI UV averaging kernel---- unable to capture the highly variable ozone structure in PBL Lidar obs. Convolved with OMI UV-Vis averaging kernel----Captures the PBL ozone structure. X. Liu et al.

  12. TOPAZ applications TexAQS 2006: Quantifying horizontal transport of O3 downwind from Houston and Dallas Cross sections of ozone downwind of Houston measured with TOPAZ on 08/14/2006. Ozone fluxes are computed for each transect by integrating above-background ozone across the plume and multiplying with horizontal wind speed measured with radar wind profilers. Ozone fluxes as a function of plume age downwind from Houston and Dallas (includes data from TexAQS 2000). Senff, C. J. et al., 2010: Airborne lidar measurements of ozone flux downwind of Houston and Dallas, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D20307, doi:10.1029/2009JD013689.

  13. TOPAZ applications Pre-CalNex 2009: Orographic lifting & long-range transport of O3 originating in the Los Angeles Basin 48-h (solid) and 60-h (dotted) forward trajectories suggesting long-range transport aloft of O3 from Los Angeles to Utah and Colorado. Langford, A. O., et al., 2010: Long-range transport of ozone from the Los Angeles Basin: A case study, Geophys. Res. Lett., doi:10.1029/2010GL042507. SMOG model predictions (top) compared with TOPAZ lidar observations (bottom).

  14. Stratospheric contribution to high surface ozone in Colorado during springtime A.O. Langford, K.C. Aikin1, C.S. Eubank1, E.J Williams1 Chemical Sciences Division ESRL, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado USA 1also at Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. Tropospheric Stratospheric Langford NOAA/ESRL/CSD

  15. E.J. Williams Surface O3 and CO anticorrelated Langford NOAA/ESRL/CSD

  16. CDPHE and NPS monitors Surface O3 increased from 55 to 100 ppbv in RMNP! Langford NOAA/ESRL/CSD

  17. JPL/TMF ozone & water vapor lidars O3 H2O Ozone (left) and water vapor (Right) with 10 minute resolution showing the progression of a stratospheric intrusion and the anti-correlation between ozone and water. S. McDermid slides

  18. III. Sites and the hardware configurations

  19. Initiative sites of the ground-based lidar network to provide O3 and aerosol data for air-quality study and GEO-CAP mission NOAA/ESRL NASA/GSFC NASA/LaRC JPL/TMF UAH 19

  20. UAHuntsville future configuration • 3- λ ( 284-289-299) system to minimize aerosol interference • Adding a 1-inch mini receiver channel to reduce the lowest measurement altitude to ~100m from the current 500m Schematic diagram of the future transmitters, wavelength pairs, and their measurement ranges. Different colors refer to the different PMT channels.

  21. Diagram of the future receiving system- 3 receiver channels covering 0.1-12km

  22. TOPAZ: NOAA’s airborne Ozone/Aerosol Lidar(TOPAZ = Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosols and oZone) • Compact, light-weight, all solid state lidar • 3 tunable UV wavelengths • Designed for nadir-looking deployment on NOAA Twin Otter • Measures ozone and aerosol backscatter profiles • Altitude coverage: from near the surface up to 5 km MSL • Resolution (O3): 90 m vertical, 600 m horizontal • Precision (O3) : 2-15 ppb

  23. TOPAZ modifications for ground-based, scanning operation • Invert telescope to zenith-looking • Install in truck with roof top scanner

  24. Scan strategy & expected performance of ground-based TOPAZ ~4 km AGL 3-angle scan sequence designed to provide composite O3 profiles from 17 m to approx. 4 km AGL. Horizontal stares will be performed occasionally. 90º 10º 2º 17 m AGL • Anticipated instrument performance • Time resolution: 1 min per angle; 5 min per scan sequence • Range/altitude resolution: 90 m; 3 – 90 m • Range/altitude coverage: 400 m – 4 km; 17 m – 4 km AGL • Precision: 1 – 10 ppb (SNR and range dependent)

  25. Deployments of ground-based TOPAZ in FY 2012 • Uintah Basin Ozone Study (UBOS) • The UBOS study is designed to examine in detail the role of local atmospheric chemistry and meteorology in producing high wintertime O3 concentrations in the Uintah Basin in NE Utah. • TOPAZ will provide horizontal and vertical profiles of ozone as well as estimates of boundary layer height. • Time frame: February/March 2012 • 2. Local measurements (Boulder, Fritz Peak) • TOPAZ will measure vertical profiles of ozone at regular intervals at NOAA/ESRL in Boulder or at the Fritz Peak Observatory to a) provide a vertical context for the routine surface O3 observations in the greater Denver area and b) extend the record of mid-tropospheric ozone profile measurements by Langford et al. from the 1990s. • Time frame: April – September 2012

  26. LaRC ozone lidar Telescope Lidar Control DAQ System Receiver Box Laser Transmitter 1. Ground-based, but can be modified to a mobile system 2. Tunable two wavelengths within 282-313 nm for O3 measurement 3. 527nm for aerosol measurement

  27. GSFC tropospheric ozone lidar Schematic of the Non-Linear Optics bench within the laser. The Nd-YAG laser is mounted upside down on the underside of the NLO bench. The 1064 nm pump beam enters the NLO bench at the lower right.

  28. Comparison of the target configurations of the O3 lidars at different sites

  29. Conclusion

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