The Rise And Fall Of Ancient Heroes II

1. The Rise And Fall Of Ancient Heroes II Greek Literature and Mythology The Pursuit of Knowledge Greek Society and Culture

2. The Greeks As Pragmatists • Greek colonies adopted other civilizations ways of life • From Babylonians they learned system of measuring and learned about coining money from Lydians • Greeks added to the coining of money by making coins of silver and stamped with an insignia • From the Phoenicians they adopted the Phonetic alphabet • Alphabet makes writing easier and leads to the rebirth of recording history and poems

4. Homer: The Iliad and The Odyssey • Homer’s Iliad, the tale of Achilles' heroic fall • The Odyssey told of warrior Odysseus’ ten year travels to return home from Troy • Homer’s works romanticized the highest Greek virtue - arête or manliness, courage and excellence

5. Homer: The Iliad and The Odyssey • Greek’s believed that individual supremacy enhanced one’s family honor and allowed them to live forever in heroic poems • These ideals help the Greeks strive for greatness • But, it also led to the self-centeredness and disdain for other cultures and fellow Greek cultures • Barbarians and enemies

6. Greek Literature: Aesop’s Fables and Greek Mythology • Aesop was originally a slave and freed because of his wit and intelligence • Fables are more than likely a collection he learned over time and from travels • Given residency in a royal court • Hurled off a cliff over a misunderstanding • He may not have every existed

7. Greek Literature: Aesop’s Fables and Greek Mythology • Greek gods and goddesses had human qualities • Zeus and Hera ruled over an extended family of gods • Greek religion was not an institution but a series of temples for specific gods • Oracle at Delphi explained divine will of gods to seekers

8. Greek Literature: Aesop’s Fables and Greek Mythology • Dionysus, god of wine and fertility was worshiped by men and women • Women allowed to step out of traditional barriers during worship of him • In some instances women would become so entranced with drink that they would rip animals apart and eat the raw flesh

9. The Greeks And The Pursuit of Knowledge • Man seen as center of universe • Rejected earlier explanations of the world around them and sought to understand nature around them • This intellectual search for knowledge is called philosophy

10. The Greeks And The Pursuit of Knowledge • Thales of Miletus (624-548 B.C.) considered the first philosopher • Introduced astronomy and geometry which he learned from the Egyptians • Democritus (460-370 B.C.) believed that the world was comprised of atoms

11. The Greeks And The Pursuit of Knowledge • Pythagoras (582-507 B.C.) mathematician credited with The Pythagorian Theorem • The Theorem states that for a triangle with one right angle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides

12. Greek Society and Culture • Gender specific society that dictated roles of men and women • Men involved in politics, war, and head of family • Women had no power outside the home, responsible for child bearing and running homes • Slaves responsible for burden of work at homes and in fields

13. Greek Society and Culture • Various ways to become slave • Worked in fields, mines, factories, on ships and in homes • Slaves did not have a say in politics nor get an education • Slave labor allowed the Greeks to place freed time into warfare, philosophy and pursuits of individual excellence

14. Greek Society and Culture • Owned pets such as dogs, birds and goats • Played with toys like yo-yos and clay dolls • Children respected parents and had a desire to learn • Homes centered around the family • Food and housing reflected their enviroment