Hawk Hook12/6

1. Hawk Hook12/6 • This is critical thinking. You will not be graded on your accuracy just that you thought and met the sentence requirement. • In at least 3 sentences explain the difference between the terms: ethnicity, race, and nationality.

2. Ethnicity, Race, and Nationalities THE PATTERNS AND POLITICS OF RACISM, ETHNIC RIVALRY, AND NATION BUILDING

3. Vocab Ethnicity: • Ethnicity: a group of people who share cultural traditions of a particular homeland • Immune to globalization • Don’t seek world dominance just local control • Ethnocentrism: belief that your ethnicity is supreme and others are judged according to its rules

4. Clustering of ethnicities

5. Clustering Within a Country • 2 scales of clustering • Regional • Local: neighborhoods

6. Regional Concentrations • Hispanic-Americans: South West, South Florida • Latin American immigration

7. Regional Concentrations • Asian American • West Coast (California) • Immigration during 19th century for railroad construction, gold, etc

8. Regional Concentrations • Native Americans • South West and Plains due to forced migration onto reservations

9. Critical thinking question • Why does it make sense that that Asian American’s would be clustered on the West Coast and Hispanic Americans in the South West?

10. Concentrations in the Cities • Minorities clustered in cities • Ex. Detroit 85% African American, 7% of Michigan African American • Ethnic Enclaves • (Enclave: territory completed surrounded by another territory) • Clustered ethnic groups surrounded by other groups

11. African Americans • Concentrated in South • 3 major Migration patterns • Forced Migration from Africa to South • After freed stayed as Sharecroppers: rented land, equipment, food, and housing paid landowner with large portion of their crop

12. African Americans • Great Migration of 1910’s and 20’s again in 1940’s and 50’s • Machinery replaced sharecroppers • Booming economy in North • Lack of labor due to wars • Stimulated war time economy • Followed distinct routes to cities along major highways

13. African Americans • Expanding Ghetto: crammed into neighborhoods already occupied by a few African Americans • High Densities due to lack of housing • Overcrowding, insufficient amenities • Expanded to surrounding neighborhoods

14. Vocab: Race • Race: a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits • Racism: Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and that these differences create an inherent superiority of a particular race

15. Critical thinking question • Looking at the two definitions for Ethnicity and Race. • What is the primary difference between the social labels of “African American” and “Black?”

16. Your Race Assignment • At the end of the documentary “A Question of Race” the statement is made: “The question is not whether or not you are racist. The question is what are you doing to be anti-racist.” • My challenge, and assignment for you, is to keep a daily journal for the next week. Each day you must do and record 1 thing you did that day to combat racial stereotypes or open the conversation of racism with peers, family, etc. It could be a discussion of the topics you learned in the video, or standing up against a racist comment someone made. It is entirely up to you. • Record the general time, i.e. “Before School, at lunch, 3rd Block, over dinner, at basketball practice” etc. • Write approx. 3 or 4 sentences about the situation. • At the end of the week Write a 4 or 5 sentence reflection about what you learned about this experience. You don’t have to reveal what the assignment it is to anyone…if you don’t want to. • This will be a major assignment grade…and a VERY good way to combat low test grades.

17. Examining the Ghetto • I will assign you a portion of the Article: “Ghettos: The Changing Consequences of Ethnic Isolation.” • Take 10-15 minutes to individually read this section and write down several key points that you learned. • Move to the location designated for your section and, as a group, place an (*) by the 3 main points of the section and create a 10-20 word summary

18. Examining the Ghetto • With the chairs create 3 circles of 7 chairs a piece: Move into the following groups • Kyle, Shannon A, Roman, Brady, Sarah, Matt L, Kylie • Brandon, Chaz, Courtni, Wilneydi, Matt S, Audrey, Sam • Shannon B, Taylor, Seth, Ashton, Erin, Matt B, Caleb • Share yours and copy down the 3 most important points and the summary for each section • Collectively Create a 3 Sentence Main Idea for the article.

19. Hawk Hook 12/10 • In complete sentences, Explain the Ethnic composition of the US in terms of the following scales. • Regionally • Locally

20. Power Relationships • Those that assume or structurally have control over others often force people into certain areas or disenfranchise others from leaving their mark on the landscape • Ex: Apartheid: The physical separation of races into geographic areas • In South Africa began to force 44% of the population (Black) onto 13% of the land called “Homelands” • Illegal today but the effects are left on the cultural landscape – though slowly changing groups still remain clustered in respective “homeland”

21. Ex: Belfast, Northern Ireland • Murals indicate the neighborhood affiliation to Protestantism or Catholicism

22. The Rise of Nationalism

23. Nationalities Vocab • Nationality: a group of people who are legally and culturally attached to a particular country • Define this person’s Nationality, Ethnicity, and Race • Joseph was born in Mali. On a student visa, he attended college at the University of Southern California and after obtaining a job in Los Angeles, he became a US citizen in 2003. He is still a practicing Muslim and is planning his Hajj next year.

24. Critical Thinking Question • What is the “shared cultural tradition” that makes people apart of the US Nationality?

25. Nation-States • Nation-State: state whose territory corresponds to the boundaries of an ethnicity • Created based on self-determination: concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves • Transforms ethnicities into nationalities • Fuses ethnic cultural traditions such as language, customs, and religion with political philosophies • Usually not perfect

26. Nationalism • Nationalism: Loyalty and devotion to a nationality • Promotes national consciousness and one nation above all others • US Freedom of the Press but many Governments use media to promote national beliefs • Cultural Symbolism: flags, songs, • Name Symbols of US nationalism

27. Multi- Ethnic States • Multi-ethnic state: state that contains multiple ethnicities that all contribute to the formation of one nationality • Ex. Belgium (Dutch-speaking Flemish and French-speaking Walloons)

28. Multinational State • Multinational states: states with ethnic groups who believe in self-determination but have agreed to coexist by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities • Differ in terms of cultural and historical differences

29. Former Soviet Union: Largest Multinational State • Split into 15 separate nations: Revival of ethnic identity and nationalism • Three Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania • Three European: Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine • Five Central Asian: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan • Three Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia • Russia

30. Russia: Now the largest Multinational State • 39 Nationalities: Many want independence • Clustered in 2 areas • Along borders of neighboring countries (borders of Azerbaijan and Georgia as well as Mongolia) • Ex: Chechnya : fighting for independence • Russia Refuses to set Chechens free as an example and because of oil interests in the area • Middle of Nation between Volga river basin and Ural Mountains

31. You do not need to label each region in a different color or label the different ethnic groups Chechnya and North Ossetia

32. The Caucasus • Several ethnicities trying to form independent states or desiring reunification • Greatest fragmentation occurs due to linguistic differences • Irredentism: One state desires to annex (or absorb) another state’s territory because they have common ethnic or historical backgrounds • Azerbaijanis (Azeris) fighting Armenians for Nagorno-Karabakh (Armenian ethnic enclave within Azerbaijan) • Georgia fighting South Ossetians who want to be united with North Ossestians in Russia Nagorno-Karabakh: add region to your map by circling this area and labeling it

33. Ethnic Clashes

34. Competition to Dominate • Lebanon • Religious Divisions • Estimate: 60% Muslim, 30 % Christian, 10% other (Druze: mix of Muslim and Christianity)

35. By law, government must represent all religious groups according to 1932 census (last census taken) • Christians were majority now Muslims but not represented accordingly in gov • Civil War in 1975: now each religious faction (ethnic enclave) territorially separated by militias • Capital (Beirut) split in half between Christian East and Muslim West • Hezbollah: Muslim Militant group in charge of Muslim portion of government

36. Dividing Ethnicities Among More Than One State • Former British Colonies in South Asia split into 3 countries: Pakistan {Muslim}, India {Hindi}, and Bangladesh {Muslim} • Loosely based on ethnicities • Caused mass migration bc lines imperfect • Disputes still in Kashmir {Muslim} region between Pakistan and India

37. Ethnic Cleansing • The forced removal of an ethnic group by another ethnic group in order to create a homogeneous region

38. Kosovo • Ex: Kosovo province in Serbia • Serbia: former Yugoslavian State predominantly Eastern Orthodox Christians • Kosovo: Albanian Muslims (90%) • Breakup of Yugoslavia: Serbs begin Ethnic cleansing to remove Albanians from their land • 2 million Albanians forcibly removed from their homes to refuge camps in neighboring Albania • Recently declared their independence…accepted by West not by Serbia, Russia, and China

39. Critical Thinking Question • According to what you have recently learned about Russia, why would Russia not support Kosovo’s independence movement?

40. Balkanization • Terms created due to the unrest in the Balkans • Balkanization: the process by which a country breaks down due to ethnic conflicts • Balkanized: a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into stable states

41. Central Africa • Hutus: settled farmers in Rwanda and Burundi • Tutsi: cattle herders migrated to Rwanda and Burundi from Kenya • 15% of Pop control area making Hutus their serfs • Colonial Gov. also disenfranchised Hutus • Independence 1962: Hutus ethnically cleansed Tutsis fearing they’d reestablish control • 1994 Tutsis did, 500,000 Hutus killed 3 of 7 million forcibly migrated • Congo: Hutus and MayiMayi first ethnically cleansing Tutsis then Tutsis seize power and the tide turned

42. Ethnicity and Scale • Ethnic Identity changes across space and scale • Example: South Asians • Large Scale: Within each country ethnically define themselves by region (India: 18 official languages reflecting ethnic differences: what other region?) • Smaller Scale: Define themselves by country: Pakistan, India, Bangladesh often with animosity • Global Scale: South Asians in Fairfax, Virginia, outside Washington D.C., identify with each other regardless of country or regional identification. Stores hold both Pakistani and Indian films and foods

43. Gandhi Competition for Extra Credit • Over the next week we will be watching the movie Gandhi. Your assignment is to find and note as many examples of Human Geography concepts, vocabulary, or content you can. • Write the concept and a BRIEF synopsis of the content it covers. • Example: • Apartheid: Gandhi is forced off the 1st class train in South Africa because of his race • You must note 10 for an assignment grade the 2 individuals from each class with the most will get 5 extra credit points on the test • There will be a brief reflection on this video after the holidays