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Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis. Kristen Meyer. Indroduction. Definition Epidemiology Symptoms Diagnosis Tests and Evaluations Complications Treatment Effects on Exercise Medications Effects of Exercise Exercise Prescription Summary. Definition.

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Multiple Sclerosis

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  1. Multiple Sclerosis Kristen Meyer

  2. Indroduction • Definition • Epidemiology • Symptoms • Diagnosis • Tests and Evaluations • Complications • Treatment • Effects on Exercise • Medications • Effects of Exercise • Exercise Prescription • Summary

  3. Definition • Autoimmune disease that damages the insulating myelin of the CNS.

  4. Epidemiology • First diagnosed between the ages of 16-60 • Peaks at age 30 • More common in women- 2 or 3:1 ratio • Benign and rapidly progressing

  5. Symptoms • Spasticity • Incoordination • Impaired balance • Fatigue • Muscle weakness, partial paralysis, paralysis • Sensory loss and numbness • Cardiovascular dysautonomia • Tremor • Heat sensititivy

  6. Diagnosis • At least two episodes of symptoms • Occur at different points in time • Result from involvement of different areas of the central nervous system • Absence of other treatable causes for the symptoms • Results of neurological testing

  7. Example of onset of cases • Case 1: 26 year old woman • Decreased vision in the right eye in 9/05 • Left leg numbness in 1/06 • Right face numbness, right arm and leg weakness in 4/06 • Left leg weakness in 8/06 • Case 2: 45 year old man • Left arm weakness in 2/93 • Numbness below the waist in 4/07

  8. Diagnosis • No single test, only accepted criteria • Imperfect system • Neurologist evaluates symptoms • Based on medical history • Neurological Exam ( function of brain and spinal cord) • Skill of doctor to ask the right questions to uncover info to • 10% of MS cases are misdiagnosed

  9. Tests • MRI • Spinal taps • Lumbar punctures ( exam of cerebrospinal fluid) • Evoked potentials • Lab analysis of blood samples

  10. Accepted Criteria for Diagnosis • Age 20-60 • Signs and Symptoms idicate disease of brain or spinal cord • Evidence of ≥ 2 leasions—or abnormal areas on the brain (from MRI scan) • Objective evidence of disease of brain or spinal cord on doctor’s exam • ≥ 2 episodes lasting at least 24 hrs. at least one month apart • No other explanation for the symptoms

  11. Complications

  12. Treatment: Disease-Modifying Agents

  13. Treatment: Symptom Management

  14. Treatment

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