Imperialism

1. Imperialism Standard 10.4

3. Imperialism The years between 1870 and 1914 were the height of the age of imperialism. Imperialism: domination of one country by another. Major players: France, Great Britain, U.S. Japan, Germany, and Belgium. Motives: Nationalism, economics, culture, and spreading religion.

4. Nationalism Nations believed that others would respect them more if they had colonies. They saw a chance of gaining bigger armies. Since navies were important, they needed places to stop and fuel their ships (islands became very important). Large armies, large navies, fueling stations, and competition over colonies would eventually lead to war.

5. Economics Need for raw materials (rubber, cotton). Need for natural resources (coal, iron). Need for new markets to buy all of the manufactured goods (Asia, Africa, and Latin America). Rapid Population growth: Where are we going to put all of these people?

6. Culture Many people believed it was their obligation as the world�s superior race to spread European culture to the rest of the world (egocentrism). Hygiene. Western clothing. Western business and products. Western governmental practices (voting).

7. The Seeds of Racism? �Take up the White Man�s Burden- Send forth the best ye breed- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captive�s need; To wait in heavy harness, In fluttered folk and wild- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half devil and half child.

8. Starter November 5th What do the people carrying the baskets symbolize? 2. What do the people in the baskets symbolize? 3. What are the two men trying to carry their baskets to?

10. Christianity and Humanitarianism Many religious groups both Protestant and Catholic went to the colonies to try to bring religion to the �heathen� people. Many doctors came as well, and school teachers� people who wanted to bring health care and education to the colonies. They helped the sick. They built hospitals. They started schools. They built churches. They improved sanitation for better health.

11. Types of Control Settlement Colonies: large groups of people from one country living together in a new place (Australia).

12. Dependent Colonies (Direct Rule or Indirect Rule) Dependent Colonies: Direct Rule: European officials ruled the natives Indirect Rule: Europeans left the local chiefs or kings in charge and ruled through them.

13. Protectorates Protectorates: the local ruler keeps their title, but the colonizers really control the area (Puerto Rico).

15. Theodore Roosevelt: Big Stick Diplomacy �Speak Softly and carry a big stick� Panama Canal Open door policy in China Acquisition of colonies.

16. Control of Trade Routes The British: The British takes control of the Suez Canal. They rule Egypt for many years.

18. What do they want from Africa? New consumers, palm oil, feathers, ivory, rubber � especially after the invention of the automobile! 2 problems: The Africans were too poor to buy many manufactured goods. Many Africans were harshly treated by their European conquerors.

21. Imperialism in Asia The British in India: India was the Jewel in the British crown. Sepoy Rebellion Muslim v. Hindu v. England Queen Victoria Directly controlled the colony Racism Indian Caste System v. Social Darwinism

22. Indian Nationalist Movement Indians were discriminated against by the British settlers. The upper and middle class, English educated sought reforms. Indian National Congress Gandhi � non-violent protest for India�s independence � influenced Martin Luther King Jr.

23. Spheres of Influence Spheres of Influence: where one nation had a special interest in an area and other nations agreed to respect those special interests (China).

24. China Russia, Japan, France, Great Britain, and Germany all wanted a slice of China. So they carved up the country into Spheres of influence.

26. Open Door Policy Reflected America�s concern for the survival of China and� Reflected the interests of American businesses. Outcome � European powers stopped fighting each other for ports.

27. South East Asia

28. The Opening of Japan Japan had been closed off for centuries in isolation. In 1853, Mathew Perry and a fleet of American ships forced the Japanese to open their ports to trade. The Japanese had no choice when faced with American superior technology. Other European nations followed.

29. Japan�s Response to Imperialism! Japan industrialized rapidly, modernized its government and built a powerful army and navy. Everyone had to go to school. Created the Diet (two house national assembly). Sent their students to western countries to learn how to industrialize/modernize their nation. Built railroads, communication lines and built industries. Problem!!!!!!!! Japan does not have enough natural resources in order to continue to industrialize they will have to buy them, or gain colonies.

30. China Rebels� Against Itself! Tai ping Rebellion: Led by a man that thought he was the brother of Jesus Christ (yes he was Chinese), they revolted against the Qing dynasty. The peasants joined in the fight for social reforms managing to seize Nanjing and kill thousands of people. Within 14 years, 20 million people died.

31. China Rebels�Again! Boxer Rebellion � Angry at the foreigners, the Boxers ravaged the countryside killing Christians, missionaries and foreigners. They were supported by the Qing Empress Ci Xi. (tsuh see) The Western countries joined together and sent forces to squash the rebellion. They were squashed like a bug.

32. Down with the Qing. The last of the Chinese dynasties ended in 1911 with the Chinese revolution. Sun Yat-sen launched an uprising of the people against the 6 year old emperor and created the Chinese Republic. From 1911 to 1949 a power struggle between ideas would cause a civil war in China. Three stage reform: Military takeover Prepare for democratic rule Constitutional democracy