1 / 92

Matter

blade
Download Presentation

Matter

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

    1. Matter Chapters 7 and 8

    2. Matter anything that has mass and takes up space

    3. Volume Amount of space taken up, or occupied, by an object All matter takes up space All objects have volume Since all objects have volume, they cannot share the same space at the same time

    4. Measuring Volume of Liquid The tool most commonly used in a Gradulated Cylinder Another tool used is a Glass Beaker

    5. Measuring Volume of Liquid The surface of a liquid is not flat The curve of the liquid is called a Meniscus A liquid in any container has a meniscus. If is harder to see in larger containers Liters (L) or Milliliters (mL) are units most often used

    6. Measuring Volume of Solid The volume of any solid object is expressed in Cubic units Cubic means having 3-Dimensions Cubic meter (mł) and cubic centimeters (cmł) are the units most often used

    7. Volume of Irregularly Shaped Object You can measure the volume of a solid object by measuring the volume of water that the object displaces.

    8. Comparing Solid and Liquid Volumes 1 mL = 1 cmł Volumes of solids are never expressed in Liters or Milliliters

    9. Measuring the Volume of Gases A Gas expands to fill its container If you know the volume of the container a gas is in, you know the volume of the gas.

    10. Propane Tank

    11. Helium Tank

    12. Mass Amount of matter in an object Which has more mass: Elephant or Newborn Baby? Is a Puppy like a Bowling Ball?

    13. An objects mass can be changed only by changing the amount of Matter in the object Bowling Ball – mass is constant (Mass never changes) Puppy – mass is not constant (Mass changes)

    14. Difference Mass and Weight Mass Matter Always Constant anywhere in Universe Measured by Balance Units: Kilograms (kg), Grams (g), and Milligrams (mg)

    16. Difference Mass and Weight Weight Mass plus Gravitational Force ? Gravity – force or attraction between two objects ? Attraction depends on masses of objects and distance between objects

    17. Varies depending on where object is in Universe Measured by Spring Scale Unit: Newtons (N)

    19. Inertia Tendency of an object to resist a change in motion Object rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by outside force (Newton’s Laws) Greater Mass = Greater Inertia

    20. Physical Properties Can be measured or observed without changing the identity of the Matter (Helps identify the Object) -- Color -- Odor -- Mass -- Volume

    21. Thermal Conductivity -- the ability to transfer thermal energy from one area to another (Styrofoam Cup) State – the physical form in which a substance exists, such as a solid, liquid, gas or plasma (Ice, Water, Water Vapor) Malleability – the ability to be pounded into thin sheets (Aluminum)

    22. Good Conductor of Heat

    23. Poor Conductor of Heat

    24. Aluminum Sheet

    25. Ductile -- the ability to be drawn or pulled into a wire (barbed wire, copper wiring) Solubility – the ability to dissolve in another substance (Sugar in Water) Density -- mass per unit volume (lead sinker)

    26. Barbed Wire

    27. Copper Wiring

    28. Density The amount of Matter in a given space or volume Density of a substance is always the same at a given pressure and volume Density of one substance is usually different from that of another Does not depend on total amount of substance

    29. Density = Mass Divided by Volume (D = M / V) Example: Find the Density of a substance with a Mass of 5kg and a Volume of 43 mł

    30. 5 kg / 43 mł = 0.12 kg / mł

    31. Example: What is the Density of an object whose Mass is 25 g and whose Volume is 10 cmł?

    32. 25g / 10 cmł = 2.5 g / cmł

    33. Example: Find the Density of a substance that has a Mass of 45 kg and a volume of 43 mł.

    34. 45 kg / 43 mł 1.05 kg / mł

    35. Physical Change Change affects one or more physical properties of a substance Identity of substance NEVER changes Examples -Freezing Water, Sanding Piece Wood, Cutting Hair, Crushing Aluminum Can, Mixing Oil and Vinegar, Mixing Sugar and Water, Butter on Popcorn, Clay (statue)

    36. Chemical Properties Describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties - Flammability (Wood) Non Flammability (Gold) Reactivity with Oxygen (Iron – Rust) Reactivity with Water Reactivity with Acid

    37. Chemical properties can be observed with your senses but are more difficult to tell Substances always have their chemical properties even if they are not showing at the time Example : Iron of an old automobile rusting

    38. Example of a Chemical Property: Iron on an old Automobile Rusting

    39. Characteristic Property Always the same regardless of how large or small the sample is Used to identify and classify substance Physical Property – (density, solubility) Chemical Property – (flammability, reactivity)

    40. Chemical Change Occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties Examples -- Baking a Cake, Soured Milk, Statue of Liberty, Alka Seltzer Tablets

    41. Chemical Changes and Chemical Properties are NOT the same thing A Chemical Property describes a substances ability to go through a chemical change A Chemical Change is the actual process in which that substance changes into another substance

    42. Signs Chemical Change Change Color or Odor Heat Fizzing or Foaming Sound or Light

    43. Can Chemical Changes Be Undone? Due to new substances being formed, you cannot reverse chemical change using physical means Try to un-bake cake . . . . . . In some circumstances and the right conditions, you can reverse some chemical changes (Water)

    44. 3 States of Matter Physical forms in which a substance can exist All forms are Physical Changes ONLY (Water) Solid Liquid Gas

    45. Solid State of Matter that has a definite shape and volume Particles are very close together More attraction between particles than liquid or gas Particles move but not fast enough to overcome the attraction

    46. 2 Kinds of Solids Crystalline – very ordered, 3-D arrangement of particles (repeating pattern) Example – Iron, Diamond, Ice, Crystal Amorphous – no special arrangement Example – Glass, Rubber, and Wax

    49. Liquid State of Matter that has definite Volume but takes the shape of its container Particles move fast enough to overcome some of the attraction Particles slide past each other until takes shape of container

    50. Unique Characteristics of Liquids Surface Tension – force acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid (shape) Viscosity – liquids resistance to flow High Viscosity – Honey Low Viscosity -- Water

    51. Gases State of Matter that has no definite shape or Volume Particles move very quickly, so attraction broken completely

    52. Gas Behavior Behave differently than Solids and Liquids Differences Gas particles have large amounts empty space Gas particles can change (Temperature and Pressure)

    53. Temperature Is measure of how fast the particles in an object are moving High Temperature – gas particles are moving faster and hitting all portions container (gas expanding) (pushing on sides of container) Low Temperature – gas particles have less energy

    54. Thanksgiving Day Parade How much Helium is needed to fill a parade balloon? Depends on the temperature outside

    56. Pressure Amount of force exerted on a given area of surface Number of times the gas particles hit the inside of container Basketball v. Beach Ball

    57. Gas Behavior Laws Temperature, Pressure, and Volume of a Gas are linked The changing of one factor affects the other two

    58. Boyle’s Law States that for a fixed amount of Gas at constant Temperature, the volume of Gas is INVERSELY related to the Pressure.

    59. Charles Law States that for fixed amount of Gas at Constant Temperature, the Volume of the Gas changes in the same way that Temperature of the Gas changes.

    61. 4th State -- Plasma Clouds of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons where all Electrons have come loose from their Atoms or Molecules Ionized Gas

    62. Most common state of Matter in Universe 99% of Universe Rare on Earth

    63. Universe – Sun, Core of Stars, Quasars, Pulsars Supernovas, Solar Wind Earth – Flames, Lightning, Auroras (Northern Lights) Artificial Lights – Neon Lights, Fluorescent Lights, Plasma TV, Plasma Lamp

    81. Future 5th State : Bose-Einstein -- low temperatures -- colder than solid

    82. Change of State Change of substance from one physical form to another All Change of State’s are Physical Changes 5 Kinds 1. Melting, 2. Freezing, 3. Evaporation, 4. Condensation 5. Sublimation

    83. 1. Melting Change of State from Solid to Liquid Energy added (particles move faster) (Melt) Adding Energy will increase Temperature Endothermic (Energy Gained)

    84. Melting

    85. Melting Point Temperature at which the substance changes from Solid to Liquid Substances have unique melting points that help identify them Example: Gallium – 30 degrees Celsius Body Temperature – 37 degrees Celsius Table Salt – 801 degrees Celsius

    86. 2. Freezing Change of State from Liquid to Solid Energy removed (particles move slower) Exothermic (Energy Removed)

    87. Freezing

    88. Freezing Point Temperature at which substance changes from Liquid to Solid Freezing and Melting occur at same Temperature

    89. 3. Evaporation Change of State from Liquid to Gas Boiling – conversion of a liquid to a vapor when vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure Boiling Point – temperature at which liquid boils (Endothermic – Energy Gained)

    90. 4. Condensation Change of State from Gas to Liquid Condensation Point – temperature at which Gas becomes Liquid (Exothermic – Energy Removed)

    91. 5. Sublimation Change of State where Solid changes directly into a Gas Endothermic – Energy Gained

    92. Temperature Change vs. Change of State Temperature change affects the speed of the particles As a substance loses or absorbs energy, one of two things will occur The Temperature will Change The State will Change

More Related