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Matter

Matter. Chapter 18. Mixtures. 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined. Heterogeneous mixture – substances are not mixed evenly, each component retains its own properties. (Mix salt and pepper)

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Matter

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  1. Matter Chapter 18

  2. Mixtures • 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined. • Heterogeneous mixture – substances are not mixed evenly, each component retains its own properties. (Mix salt and pepper) • Homogeneous mixture – the substances are evenly mixed and you can’t see the individual components. These are also called “solutions”. (Dissolve sugar in water)

  3. Separating Mixtures • Separating mixtures is easy! • In a salt and pepper mix, you can physically put the 2 different substances in 2 different piles. • In a solution such as sugar water, you could let the liquid evaporate and the sugar would be left behind.

  4. Compounds • These are chemical combinations of two or more elements that cannot be separated physically. • To break down most compounds, several steps are usually required. They must be broken down chemically.

  5. Solutes and Solvents • Solute – The substance that is being put into a liquid to dissolve (ex. Sugar) • Solvent– The liquid that the substance is being dissolved in. (ex. Water) Important! Important! Important! Important!

  6. Types of Solutions • Gaseous Solution – A smaller amount of one gas is dissolved into a larger amount of another gas. (ex. Air) • Liquid Solution – A liquid, solid or gas is dissolved into a liquid. (ex. Vinegar, fruit drink, soda) • Solid Solution – The solvent is a solid. Most commonly seen in metal alloys and gems.

  7. Concentrations How Much Solute? • Concentrationtells you how much solute is present compared to the amount of solvent. • A concentrated solution has lots of solute in the solvent. • A dilute solution has only a small amount of solute dissolved in the solvent.

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