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What Russians think (evidence from various opinion surveys)

What Russians think (evidence from various opinion surveys). Ekaterina Zhuravskaya Nov 2008, New Delhi. Data. Large-scale surveys of representative samples of Russian residents RLMS (Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey), 10,000 respondents, Fall 2006

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What Russians think (evidence from various opinion surveys)

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  1. What Russians think(evidence from various opinion surveys) Ekaterina Zhuravskaya Nov 2008, New Delhi

  2. Data • Large-scale surveys of representative samples of Russian residents • RLMS (Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey), 10,000 respondents, Fall 2006 • EBRD Life in Transition Survey (1,000 in each transition country, 28 transition countries) Fall 2006 • GeoRating, Public Opinion Foundation (FOM), 35,000 respondents quarterly since 2003

  3. Overall assessment of transition

  4. How the economic and social changes of the last 15 years affected lives of people Total population: 48.7%: “worsened”, 32.3%: “did not change”, 19%: “improved” % of population by age quintiles Age group: Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  5. How the economic and social changes of the last 15 years affected lives of people (Effect of income) % of population, who claim that transition worsened their lives by income decile The poorest 10% The richest 10% Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  6. Question framed without a link to reforms gives the same picture The rest of people are indifferent Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  7. Wish for kids to grow up in the modern Russia rather than the USSR by age decile Total population: split 50%-50% % of population who wish for kids to grow up in the modern Russia rather than the USSR by age decile: (13-19) (71-100) Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  8. Attitudes towards market economy, private property, democracy, and the West

  9. Uniquely low support of democracy and market among transition countries Fraction of population who agree that: “democracy is preferable” “market economy is preferable” Source: EBRD Life in Transition survey, fall 2006

  10. What is the best form of governance for Russia? Source: “Pew Global Attitudes” project

  11. Price controls are immensely popular % of population who think that the state rather than the market should set prices for the following goods and services: Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  12. State or market should provide medical care, roads, trash collection… and employment? Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  13. Younger people in large cities do not rely on the state to provide employment % of population in large cities State or private firms should provide employment for people? age quintiles (13-24) (61-100) Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  14. What (if anything) should be done with the majority of private assets? % of population Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  15. In your opinion, what should be done with most privatized companies? They should be… Source: EBRD Life in Transition survey, fall 2006

  16. There is lower support of renationalization among the young % of population by age quintiles Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  17. Could there be understanding and cooperation reached between… People demand increased state involvement despite the fact that they think that cooperation with people in power is less feasible than even cooperation with the rich Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  18. What should be done in order to reduce income inequality in Russia? Price controls are the most popular policy measure to reduce wealth inequality % of population, multiple answers Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  19. Importance of different institutions On the scale from 1 to 5 1 is “not at all important”, 2 is “rather unimportant”, 3 is “yes and no”, 4 is “rather important”, and 5 is very important” Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  20. “Is the Western society a good model for Russia?” Source: FOM “GeoRating”

  21. “Is the U.S. a friendly country?” Source: FOM “GeoRating” 2003

  22. Is US a friendly country?by age Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  23. General trust toward people Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  24. Trust towards organizations and certain groups of people On the scale from 1 to 5 1 is “completely distrust”, 2 is “rather distrust”, 3 is “neither trust nor distrust”, 4 is “rather trust”, and 5 is “completely trust” Source: RLMS, fall 2006

  25. Where do people get information (which may shape their views)?... TV

  26. Summary • Approximately one half of Russians even before the crisis (in 2006) were strongly • pro-state intervention into the economy and anti-market • anti-US and anti-Western • anti-democracy and pro-strong leader • Age and income help, but some of the effects are non-linear with very young looking more like older generation

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