The Growth of the American Labor Movement

1. The Growth of the American Labor Movement

2. Historyana Jones!!! 1.) WE HAVE FOUND AN ARTIFACT THAT APPEARS TO BE… 2.) IT APPEARS TO BE ABOUT… 3.) IT WOULD RELATE TO… 4.) ITS PURPOSE WOULD LIKELY BE…

3. Concept Map What is it? A group of workers that unite to change working conditions What is it like? Concept- Labor Union What is a specific example of it?

4. Conditions facing Workers • A large percentage of factory workforce was immigrants, women, and children • Sweatshops forced workers to be isolated from the outside world, work for long hours under very unsafe conditions • Low pay • Mandatory 12 Hour- 6 Day Work Weeks

5. Sweatshop Conditions “Some people say it is good for the girls and boys to work—that all children should be industrious But they do not stop to think that there is a right and a wrong kind of work for little girls and boys. Spinning for a little while a day could be made the right kind, but work in a spinning room from 7 o'clock in the morning until 6 o'clock at night is the wrong kind. It keeps the children out of school, it gives them no chance to play, and they cannot grow strong. Many spinning rooms have their windows closed all day because the rooms must be kept damp or the threads will break. Now, like growing plants, growing girls and boys need fresh air as well as light and sunshine.” I used to think all other children had good times, and that going to school was very hard. Now I know better. Sometimes the machine is so high and the boys are so little, they have to climb up to reach the bobbins. If they slip they can hurt themselves badly.

6. CompanyTowns Essentially the Pullman workers were trapped; if they wanted their jobs, their best bet was to live in Pullman. Another undercurrent of frustration and despair involved rent collection. The employees living in the town of Pullman went to the Pullman Loan and Savings Bank every two weeks to collect their wages and pay their rent. When they received their two-week paycheck, the Bank would take out the two-week rent, thus leaving the laborer with a very small payment. Not only did the Bank demand the current rent, but it also demanded back rent, even under uncalled-for circumstances. Carwardine observed one man who walked out of the Pullman Loan and Savings Bank with a paycheck of two cents!

7. Conditions facing Workers • By 1890s 1 in 5 children worked in factories rather than attended school- caused physical challenges

8. Which of the following would best complete the cause and effect relationship above? Workers quit to work at McDonalds Workers rebelled using sewing needles and “spool grenades” Workers united to hope solidarity would force management to change Workers would suck it up, take what wages were given to them, and quit being wa-wa cry babies! What led to Unions CausesEffect • Factory Wages were low, work hours were long, and conditions were terrible! ?

9. Early Labor Unions in our History • National Trades Union 1834 • National Labor Union 1866 • Colored National Labor Union 1870

10. Knights of Labor Uriah Stephens Terence V. Powderly Knights of Labor trade card

11. American Federation of Labor (AFL) Local Union Local Union Local Union

12. Knights of Labor American Federation of Labor Similarities • Equal pay for men and women. • Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. • Worked for 8 hour work day • Abolition of child and prison labor. • Created for the skilled worker. • National Union • Worker-owned factories.

13. Strategies “Tactics” of Management “Tactics” of Labor • Applying lockouts or shutting down the factory and withholding pay • Calling for boycotts • Using “scabs” or replacement workers during strikes • strikes • Collective bargaining or negotiating as a group for better conditions • Forcing workers to sign yellow-dog contracts or work contracts that guarantee NOT to join a union • Smear campaigns linking socialists to unions • Forcing closed shops or factories requiring you to be a union member to work • Using Pinkerton detectives as strike breakers

14. A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

15. Socialism Anarchism Similarities • Promoted violence in unions to meet their goals • Wealth should be distributed to all people • Opposed to all government • Came from foreign influences • Founded by Karl Marx • Promoted public, not private ownership of property and income • Philosophy used by unions to justify their actions

16. Labor Unrest and Reform

17. Main Idea- As Labor became more organized, big businesses reacted with harsher punishments ultimately leading workers to believe they had no other alternative than violence

18. Haymarket Square Riot

19. Homestead Steel Mill Strike Henry Clay Frick The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers Alexander Berkman

20. Pullman Strike 1893 Vs. President Grover Cleveland Eugene V. Debs A.R.U. Pullman Luxury Cars

21. Main Idea- The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was actually used AGAINST worker’s unions to eliminate strikes that hinder intestate commerce Sherman Anti Trust Act strike

22. The Socialists Eugene V. Debs Formed the I.W.W. or the “Wobblies” • Fears about increased socialist influence were connected to the labor movement

23. Effects on the Labor Movement • Employers started using the Court system more often against unions (i.e. court injunctions) • Labor union movement lost momentum • National, violent strikes spurred on the movement to Reform known as the “Progressive Era”

24. Quizdom US History Which of the following summarizes the ideas of “socialism” Redistribute wealth through public, not private businesses Concentrate wealth into the hands of those who deserve it One government, one party Eliminate unionism to promote capitalism

25. Quizdom US History Which of the following terms below matches the definition to the right? Scab Closed shop Collective bargaining boycotts Some factories would only hire workers if they were members of the union.

26. Quizdom US History The description to the right is pointing to… Pinkertons Scalawag Scabs A wobbie You are a “replacement” worker for someone who chose to retaliate against unfair work conditions by going on strike.

27. Quizdom US History The agreement on the right is an example of… Boycott tactics Collective bargaining Informal picketing Yellow dog contracts THE CRIPPLE CREEK DISTRICT MINE COMPANY C. C. Hamlin, Secretary. Resolutions of the Citizens' Alliance of Denver, 1903–1904: The sources of all strife in the Cripple Creek district have been the Western Federation of Miners and the Trades Assembly (Unions) which they dominated and through which they carried out their boycotts, etc. In signing the below, you hereby agree with the statement above and in addition give your commitment to never join any such organization. Furthermore you agree that any violation of said commitment will result in the immediate termination of your employment with the Cripple Creek District Mine company.

28. Quizdom US History Who was the founder of the Knights of Labor? Terence V. Powderly Eugene V. Debs Uriah Smith Stephens Karl Marx

29. Quizdom US History Which of the following was a change that occurred to the Knights of Labor when Terence V. Powderly took over leadership? The society started to accept women The society was no longer secret The society no longer accepted all workers from all trades The society rejected immigrants

30. Quizdom US History • Which organization worked for the goals to the right? • The AF of L • The Pinkertons • The Wobbies • The Knights of Labor Abolition of the National Bank. Eight-hour workday. Workers’ cooperatives. Equal Pay for women and men Protect all workers skilled and unskilled

31. Quizdom US History Which of the following was a major difference between the Knights of Labor and AFL? AFL protected immigrants only The Knights of labor supported ALL workers while the AFL protected only skilled workers They did not agree on a shorter work day Most AFL members were women

32. Quizdom US History What was unique about the Rail Road strike of 1877? It was the first strike in American history It involved only skilled rail way workers It was the first nation-wide strike in American History It was the first strike started by the AFL

33. Quizdom US History According to the map above… The Rail Road strike of 1877 was localized to rural areas alone The Rail Road strike of 1877 did not affect most eastern states The Rail Road strike of 1877 did not affect the southern as much as the northern states Most of the strikers were of Irish descent

34. Quizdom US History What was one result of the Haymarket Riot? Steelworkers wage’s increased Public support for unions grew The AFL ceased to exist Membership in the Knights of labor declined

35. Quizdom US History Which group drew fear and anger from Americans as a result of the Haymarket Square bombing? Anarchists Socialists Robber Barons Members of the American Federation of Labor Haymarket Martyrs

36. Quizdom US History What precedent was set as a result of the Pullman strike? Labor learned to successfully use strikes to coerce big business Big business would use court injunctions based on the Sherman-Anti Trust Act against labor Big business would use collective bargaining to avoid costly strikes The Government would be more likely to enter a strike on behalf of labor