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WWII

WWII. Dictators of the World. Joseph Stalin Leader of the Soviet Union, Communist Totalitarianism—government that had complete control of its citizens Benito Mussolini Leader of Italy Fascism—type of government that stresses importance of nationalism Adolf Hitler Leader of Germany

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WWII

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  1. WWII

  2. Dictators of the World • Joseph Stalin • Leader of the Soviet Union, Communist • Totalitarianism—government that had complete control of its citizens • Benito Mussolini • Leader of Italy • Fascism—type of government that stresses importance of nationalism • Adolf Hitler • Leader of Germany • Hideki Tojo • Leader of Japan

  3. German Problems • Issues with Germany • Germany was blamed for all of WWI. • Germany had to pay millions upon millions of dollars to countries effected by WWI. Germany was not allowed to have much of an army or navy. • Land was taken away from Germany • Hitler • Came to power, gave Germany a sense of hope • Nazism—political party that control the Germans, focused on making Germany powerful • Rebuilt Army, Increased the Spirit of the people

  4. German Aggression • Hitler’s Plan • Hated people to the East of Germany • He wanted all of that area for “Lebensraum” which meant living space. • Hitler made his army extremely power, the rest of the world did not pay attention to what he was doing. • Hitler believed he had a right to invade all of the “low country lands” because most of the people living there were of German descent. • Blitzkrieg—Lighting Warfare, attack countries with extreme speed. (Hitler’s new strategy)

  5. German Invasions • Early German Invasions • Invaded Austria, then Czechoslovakia. (Both had lots of Germans living there) • Appeasement • Western Leaders let Hitler invade these countries, made them promise to not to invade any more • Next German Invasions • Germany invaded Poland, broke a treaty with USSR • Caused Great Britain, France, and USSR to declare war on Germany. Italy decided to side with Germany (similar govts)

  6. German Invasions • Final German Invasions • Algeria, Tunisia, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Austria, Czech, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Norway, and parts of the USSR • Italy • Invading lands in Africa, decided to join with Germany • Japan • Invading lands in the Pacific/Asia decided to join with Germany • Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan • Allied Powers: GB, France, USSR, USA

  7. How we got ready for war • 10 million soldiers joined the armed forces • Every industry in America changed to meet the demands of a world war • All automobile makers switched from cars to military vehicles. • Shipyards and defense plants sprung up everywhere • Factories made war materials (bombs, guns, etc) • 18 million workers after Pearl Harbor, 6 million were women. • Defense plants hired over 2 million minorities (lots of them moved to the North)

  8. Economic Changes • OPA—government organization that fought off inflation • War Protection Board—decided which companies would produce certain consumer goods. • Rationing—each household would receive a book that gave them a certain amount of goods such as meat, shoes, sugar, rubber, etc.. • This was a way to save goods for the military

  9. European Conflict

  10. The War for Europe • GB and America • The United States and Great Britain were very close • Franklin Roosevelt (US President) decided that Germany posed a greater threat so they decided to focus on them first. • Battle of the Atlantic • Hitler order submarine attacks against US ships that were carrying supplies to GB. • During the first four months of 1942, German U-Boats sank 87 US ships • Convoys, Planes, and US Subs helped occupy the German U-Boats (changed the outcome of this battle)

  11. Germany invades USSR • German advance into USSR • Problem: USSR had way too many people, horrible winter • Battle of Stalingrad • Hitler wanted to wipe out the city of Stalingrad because it was a major industrial city. (and named after Stalin) • German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed Stalingrad for weeks. • Stalin ordered the city to be defended even though it was surrounded by the Germans. • Slow, guerilla style fighting. • Germans could never gain complete control of the city, eventually they were surrounded by the Soviet Army. • End Result: Soviets lost 1.1 million people, but were finally able to stop the German Advance

  12. Africa • Stalin wanted America and GB to open a second front against Germany. • Operation Torch—Invasion of Axis controlled North Africa • Dwight Eisenhower—leader of this invasion and campaign. • Within a short time, the Allies were able to take control of most of Northern Africa.

  13. Italy • Decided to attack Italy instead of going through France. • Won the island of Sicily fairly easily. • Hitler was determined to stop the Allied advance through Italy. • Italy was very difficult to fight in because of the bad land. • Allied forces would fight in Italy until the end of the war.

  14. Varieties of People Serving • African Americans—Tuskegee Airmen, won two Distinguished Unit Citations • Mexican Americans • Japanese Americans—Fought in Italy and North Africa

  15. Preparing for Invasion of France • Allies gathered about 3 million British, American, and Canadian troops in England • Eisenhower planned to attack the beaches of Normandy (located in France) • He tried to keep this a secret by setting up fake invasion sites (Calais)…Hitler put most of his generals there.

  16. Actual Invasion of France • Operation Overlord (D-Day) • June 6th, 1944, the Allies began their invasion of France. • 3 Divisions of Paratroopers went down beyond German front lines. • Then thousands of soldiers invaded the coast. • This was the largest land/sea/air invasion in history. (book page 781)

  17. Invasion • The Allies had a difficult time getting past all the German guns that were on the coast. • Omaha Beach saw the highest death rates. • After 7 days of fighting, the Allies had claimed an 80 mile strip of Northern France. • Within a month, the Allies were able to get a ton of supplies and men within France.

  18. Advancing within France • George Patton • Leader of American Army • August 25th, they took back Paris from the Germans. American troops began moving all throughout France. • German Retreat • Leaving France, now in Belgium and Luxemburg

  19. Battle of the Bulge • Hitler was trying to counterattack to break the Allied lines, he wanted to get back the Belgium city of Antwerp. • Hitler was able to break through the initial line, creating a bulge in the Allied Defense. • The battle would last for a month, until the Germans were forced back into Germany. • Germans lost 120,000 troops, 600 tanks, and 1,600 planes…there was nothing that the Germans could do but retreat….the war was almost over.

  20. Death Camps • American and Soviet troops began to push towards the center of Germany. • Along the way, both sides would find numerous death camps used by the Germans.

  21. End of European Front • By April of 1945, Soviet armies had invaded Berlin (capital of Germany). • Hitler committed suicide on April 30th, 1945. • VE-Day—Victory in Europe Day, May 8th 1945, the war in Europe was officially over. • On April 12th, President Roosevelt died, he was replaced by his vice president, Harry Truman

  22. Other German Ideas • Holocaust • Hitler wanted to get rid of all “non-Aryans” • More than 11 million people would be killed throughout Europe. • Jews were the primary target, mainly because there was a history of hatred for the Jews. • Hitler was able to blame the Jews for causing WWI….people believed him. • Millions of Jews lived in the lands East of Germany

  23. Holocaust • Kristallnacht • Night of Broken Glass • Nazi Storm Troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues • Thousands of Jews were arrested, hundreds were killed • Jewish attempt to leave • Tried to leave Germany , couldn’t find a home • 40,000 to France, 30,000 to Palestine, 80,000 to GB, 100,000 to USA (most Americans were against this)

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