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WWII and the Pre-War Aggressions of Japan in Asia

This text provides an overview of Japan's aggressions in Asia before World War II, including the Second Sino-Japanese War and the invasion of Manchuria. It also covers Italy's invasion of Ethiopia and the Spanish Civil War. Additionally, it explores the rise of Nazi propaganda in Germany and Hitler's aggressive actions leading up to the war.

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WWII and the Pre-War Aggressions of Japan in Asia

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  1. WWII

  2. Pre-War Aggressions

  3. Japan in Asia Kellogg-Braind Pact • U.S. Secretary of State and French Foreign minister • Made war illegal

  4. Japan in Asia Second Sino-Japanese War • Stage a fake attack in Manchuria • Blame the Chinese • Japan again invades Manchuria • League of nations condemns Japan • They don’t do anything • Only encourages them • Japan withdraws from league

  5. Japan in Asia Second Sino-Japanese War • Slowly begin taking China • Capture all of its seaports and major cities • The Rape of Nanking • Torture, rape, and mass murder (300,000) • Denied by the Japanese • Eventually gest rolled in with WWII conflict Expand into all of Asia • See the ocean as their dominion • Really all of Asia

  6. Italy in Africa Italy invades Ethiopia • One of few independent nations of Africa • Revenge for defeating Italy previously • Easily defeat the Ethiopians Rebuked by the League • League has no military branch to enforce sanctions • Memories of WWI make nations reluctant • Japan and Italy realize they can easily continue

  7. Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) Rebels over throw the government • The Second Spanish Republic • Freedom of religion • Separation of church and state

  8. Spanish Civil War Loyalists (Republicans) Nationalists (Falange) A fascist party lead by Francisco Franco conservatives Opposed the new Second Republic Declare to overthrow it • Supporters of the republic • Mostly in the east and southeast • Also hold Madrid (capitol)

  9. Spanish Civil War Support from other nations • Soviet Union and Mexico support Republic • Germany and Italy support Nationalists • Chance to surround France • United States, France, and Britain stay out of official fighting • Volunteers enlist to help republic

  10. Spanish Civil War Nationalists win in 1939 • Spain becomes Fascist dictatorship • ~500,000-1 million people died • Loyalist refugees flee to southern France • Maintains power until Franco’s death in 1975

  11. Germany

  12. German Leadership

  13. Joseph Goebbels Once named possible successor to Hitler Germany’s Propaganda master Controlled all of the media; newspapers, radio, art Seized and destroyed works of art

  14. Hermann Goring Part of the Nazi party from the beginning Wounded in Beer Hall Putsch Originally founded the Gestapo Commanded the Luftwaffe during the War Eventually removed by Hitler

  15. Heinrich Himmler Leader of the “Home Army” Schutzstaffel (SS, Paramilitary Police) Gestapo (secret Police) Formed the Einsatsgruppen Created the Concentration Camps Hitler’s “Final Solution” to the “Jewish Problem”

  16. Josef Mengele Joined the Nazi Party in 1937 Joined the SS Studied medicine Used the camps to perform human experimentation Especially interested in twins Performed various in-humane experiments

  17. Types of Propaganda Emotional Appeal Bandwagon Implying that everyone is doing it, so you should too; peer pressure • Tapping into the emotions of your audience; i.e. fear, pride, etc Transfer Card Stacking • Carry authority and prestige of what we respect to something they want us to accept; using the American Flag • Only presenting one side of the issue/situation; negative side effects of drugs

  18. Types of Propaganda Name-Calling Euphemism Plain-Folks Glittering Generalities • Link a person or idea to a negative symbol; calling someone Hitler or a Nazi (now) • Changing the name/wording of something to make it sound nicer; National Healthcare v. Socialized Medicine • They and their ideas are “of the People”; they say what's on their mine, like me • Use of common and good words to have us accept without questioning; defend democracy

  19. How has your view of Hitler and Germany been affected by propaganda?

  20. Hitler Aggresses Removes Germany from League of Nations Re-arms and enters the Rhineland Anti-Comintern Pact • Pact with Japan to stop spread of Communism • Aggression is to stop communism, nothing else

  21. Annexation of Austria Nazi Party becomes a large force in Austria Hitler makes an agreement with Austrian chancellor • Austria will unite with Germany • Austrian chancellor wants people to vote on it • Austrian Chancellor resigns

  22. Annexation of Austria Hitler marches troops into Austria • Annexes Austria as part of Germany • Against the treaty of Versailles • League of Nations does nothing

  23. The Sudetenland • An area in western Czechoslovakia • Wanted to be part of Germany • Given to create Czechoslovakia • Hitler sees himself as protector of Germans

  24. The Sudetenland Policy of Appeasement • Neville Chamberlin meet with Germany and Italy • Attempt to give in to Germany’s demands to avoid war • Give him the Sudetenland • “Peace in our time” Germany conquers Czechoslovakia • Only takes 6 months

  25. Dealing with Stalin Stalin distrustful of Western powers • Western powers did not like communism • Wants to guarantee independence of Poland, Finland, and Baltic States • Create a military alliance • Military would enter to protect from Germany

  26. Dealing with Stalin Nazi-Soviet pact • German-Soviet nonaggression pact • Kept secret from the west • Germany and USSR wont invade each other • Maintain neutrality in event of war • Split Poland down the middle • Divide eastern Europe into sphere of influence • Isolates France and England in the west • Hitler breaks it later, moron

  27. Invasion of Poland Control of Danzig • A seaport in Poland protected by the League • Germany also has rights to use it • Hitler announces annexation of Danzig

  28. Invasion of Poland September 1, 1939 • Air force begins a massive bombing campaign • Blitzkrieg “Lightning war” • Strong and Fast • A new kind of war • Tanks cross the border toward Warsaw • Poles put up a brave defensive • Ultimately fails miserably • Surrender within a month • Britain and France can no longer ignore Germany • Enter the war 2 days later • France begins fortifying Maginot line

  29. Early War Nations still hoped to avoid all out war again • Germany did very little on the western front in beginning • Russia invades Poland from east mid September • Poland disappears again • Also invade Finland and the Baltic states

  30. Early War The low countries • Germany invades Denmark and Norway • All hopes of avoiding war dropped • Help from Fascist parties inside nations • Continues into BENELUX • Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg

  31. Early War Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister • May 1940 • Months after Poland invaded • Chamberlin did not do much to fight German advances • Churchill against appeasement from the beginning

  32. Early War Evacuation of Dunkerque • German forces outflank Maginot line • Go through the low countries • Surround Allied forces in French seaport • German forces stop ground advancement

  33. Early War Evacuation of Dunkerque (cont) • Every boat in Britain used to evacuate troops • Fishing boats, row boats, everything • Successful evacuation of 338,000 men • In about two weeks • Hitler is an idiot • Stops his troops advancing • Allow Britain to regain strength • Morale victory for Britain

  34. The Fall of France Not manned or prepared for new warfare • Similar to the Schlieffen Plan • Extensive use of tanks and planes • No longer stationary trench warfare • Bombing of civilian targets • Causes panic and confusion

  35. The Fall of France Germany attacks from the north • Italy from the south • Leaders of France quickly surrender • Germany occupies northern France and Atlantic wall • French navy disarmed

  36. The Fall of France Vichy France • The legitimate government of France • Sothern part of France • Collaborates with the Germans

  37. The Fall of France French Resistance • Charles de Gaulle, leader of the resistance • Escaped to northern Africa or Britain • Formed the Free French Government • Set up army and headquarters in Britain • Supplied by Britain and U.S

  38. The Fall of France French Resistance (cont.) • The Maquis • Underground resistance fighters • Fought against Germany from occupied nations • Blew up bridges, train tracks, and disrupting communications

  39. Battle of Britain Control of the skies • Germany attempts to destroy the RAF • England fights back on its own for over a year • The German Luftwaffe bombs British Airfields along the coast • England has RADAR for early detection • From July 1940-October 1940 bombing of airfields • Also airplane factories • As many as two a day

  40. Battle of Britain Control of the Skies (cont) • British Pilots • Britain was loosing many experienced pilots and too many planes • Faster than they could really be replaced • Britain appears ready to give in • Then Hitler changes targets • August “accidental” bombing of London • Responds with bombing of Berlin • Retaliatory attacks on London • Begin the London Blitz • Allows RAF to recover

  41. Battle of Britain The Blitz • Almost nightly raids on major cities of England • 71 consecutive nights of bombings • 57 consecutive nights in London alone • Goal of demoralizing the British people • Failed • Luftwaffe weakens after traveling further distances • Escorts are too low on fuel to stay whole time • Easier for RAF to pick off

  42. Battle of Britain The Blitz (cont) • Barrage Balloons • Big silver balloons designed to snag German planes • Would force them to land or crash, thus loosing the plane • Destroyed much of London and surrounding cities • Killed over 400,000 people • Did not destroy Britain • Operation Sea Lion never takes off • Invasion plan on England • Keep Calm and Carry On

  43. U.S. Involvement U.S. Remains Neutral • Sell munitions to nation on “cash-and-carry” basis (1939) • We will sell to belligerents • They must pay cash • Must arrange for transport on their own • Only Great Britain controls these routs

  44. U.S. Involvement U.S. Remains Neutral (cont) • More sympathy after Dunkerque • Send old warships to UK in exchange for use of naval and air bases • Lend-Lease Act • We will supply war materials on credit • Obvious who we will support when the time comes • Roosevelt see U.S. getting involved • Doing everything but fighting

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