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WWII

WWII. The history that led up to U.S. involvement. Listen and “doodle” what you hear. On worksheet, make some doodles to summarize what you hear in the chapter summary Tompkins: page 1437. Treaty of Versailles Review. President Wilson pushes his 14 points

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WWII

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  1. WWII The history that led up to U.S. involvement

  2. Listen and “doodle” what you hear • On worksheet, make some doodles to summarize what you hear in the chapter summary • Tompkins: page 1437

  3. Treaty of Versailles Review • President Wilson pushes his 14 points • Wants a lasting peace that promotes self-determination and fairness (see next slide) • In peace talks, he gives up on most of them in order to have the League of Nations • U.S. Senate rejects the treaty • No more helping others with bloody conflicts!

  4. 1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). • 2. Free navigation of all seas. • 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. • 4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. • 5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial • 6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop her own political set-up. • 7. Belgium should be independent like before the war. • 8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine • 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "along    clearly recognizable lines of nationality." • 10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-Hungary. • 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan states. • 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. • 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea. • 14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states.

  5. The Treaty of Versailles and Germany • “War Guilt Clause” • forces Germany to take blame and pay other nations for the cost of the war • Banned Germany from maintaining an army • Took some of Germany’s land away • Stripped Germany of colonies in the Pacific (where it made a lot of money)

  6. 20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?U.S. • 1st “Red Scare” – communism developing…we’re afraid of the unknown • Anti-immigrant hysteria • 20’s: Urban life, consumer goods leisure activities, speak-easies • 30’s: Market crashes… Great Depression • Foreign Policy: ISOLATIONISM(we’ll trade with you, but keep us out of your problems)

  7. 20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?Germany • Government: • New Name: Weimar Republic • Trying on new governments (got rid of previous ruler) • Inexperienced with democracy…lots of parties trying to gain power…lots of instability • The public later blamed the government (not the war leaders) for the war and the war-guilt clause • Economy: • WWI crippled the German economy • Money is worthless, people are in despair • Great Depression hits, unemployment goes up • Looking for relief and order

  8. Pic of German Inflation

  9. Economic Help for Germany:The Dawes Plan Charles Dawes = American Banker Dawes Plan lent out $200 million to Germany to stabilize their currency and economy Set a more realistic schedule for Germany to pay back money owed from war

  10. Rise of Hitler • Hitler – • Powerful public speaker – became leader of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis) • Wants to: • Unite all German-speaking people in an empire (only “Aryans”) • Expand German territory • Restore German pride(desperate) • 1933 Hitler becomes Prime Minister and establishes the Third Reich (Third German Empire)

  11. 20’s and 30’s:What’s Going On?Italy • Unemployment, inflation, workers’ strikes • Middle and Upper classes demanded strong leadership • Benito Mussolini takes charge 1922 • Totalitarian (crushed all opposition) • Anti-communist • Fascism: having a strong nation means putting the nation before yourself and letting power rest in one individual/small group of party members

  12. 20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?Spain • 1936 – Civil War breaks out • Francisco Franco leads revolt against the republic • Many people passionate about stopping Franco (who was a fascist dictator) • Some Americans volunteered to go over and help • America and previous allies remained neutral • Mussolini and Hitler sent men and equipment to help • Franco wins

  13. 20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?Japan • Japanese leaders wanted to expand territory • 1931 Japan successfully invaded China • Manchuria – huge land mass with lots of resources • League of Nations looked into this act of aggression • Finds Japan at fault and condemns them • Japan quits the League • Everybody around the world notices this lack of “punishment”…

  14. 20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?Soviet Union (Russia) • Russian Revolution –everyday people were upset at conditions…overthrew Czar…in hopes of democracy • Lenintook control of country until death in 1924 • Joseph Stalin takes over – goal is to turn Russia (now Soviet Union) into great industrial nation • He looks after all economic activity • Soviet Union becomes 2nd largest industrial power by 1937 • Stalin is BRUTAL totalitarian– kills anyone who threatens his power. • Some estimate he was responsible for • 8-13 million deaths

  15. War in Europe - Appeasement • Germany pushes limits • Sends troops into demilitarized zone (Rhineland) • Appeasement– Britain/France do nothing (for fear of starting another war) • Next takes Austria and Czechoslovakia • Germany wants more…other countries getting nervous • Hitler turns sights to Poland • Read and summarize page 1446-1447

  16. What was the U.S. doing during alll of this? • Still very strongly Isolationists • 1935 – Neutrality Acts • Outlawed weapon sales or loans to nations at war or in a civil war • Roosevelt is struggling to remain neutral • Japan attacks China again but doesn’t declare war • FDR says its okay to send weapons/supplies to China

  17. Moving away from Neutrality • September 1939 – Germany attacks Poland, Britain and France declare war • Soon… Axis powers form (Germany, Italy, Japan) • FDR persuades Congress to revise the neutrality acts. • Allowed warring nations to buy weapons from us…as long as they used cash and transported them themselves • FDR soon sends Britain many supplies and trades a few warships for spots at military bases

  18. Congress has a change of heart • After seeing so many Nazi victories, Congress increases military spending • First peacetime draft for military • 16 million men are registered • FDR tells America that if Hitler isn’t stopped, we’d be living at German gunpoint • Lend-Lease Act • The U.S. would lease arms to any country “whose defense was vital to the United states”

  19. Video time

  20. Your Task: • Using textbook pages 1481-1485, describe how the U.S. got involved in WW2. • In your NoTeS: • 1. Answer all the green question boxes • 2. Answer Skillbuilider questions 1 and 2 • 3. Answer Critical Thinking question #3 on page 1487 • 4. Look at the timeline pages 1488-1489

  21. The 2 “sides” • Axis • Germany • Japan • Italy • And more… • Allies • United Kingdom • United States • Soviet Union (eventually) • France • And more…

  22. U.S Moves Toward War • Isolationism - but FDR sees conflict and starts preparing for war • 1939 – neutrality act – “cash and carry” for Brit./Fr. • 1940 – increased spending for nat’l defense • Selective Service Act – 1st peace time draft • 1941 – Lend-Lease Act – arms to countries vital to U.S. • 1941 – Germany turns on Sov.Un. – we give arms to Stalin • 1941 – FDR allows navy to attack German U boats in self-defense

  23. 1941 – Atlantic Charter • Secret mtg between U.S. and Britain • Agree to help each other/other nations out • 26 countries sign • ….more later….. • 1941 (Sept.) – Germans attack U.S. ships – undeclared naval war with Germany • U.S. cuts off fuel for Japan (didn’t like their invasions) • Dec. 7th 1941 – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • Damages to U.S. are more than all of WWI • U.S. declares war on Japan • Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.

  24. We’re In…. • Now we’ll be studying what the fighting abroad did to the folks at home….

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