OSHA LEAD STANDARDS

1. OSHALEAD STANDARDS OSHA Special Emphasis Program

2. Characteristics of Lead Chemical element (symbol Pb) Heavy,soft (malleable) metal Lead is an element. It is a heavy metal that is mined from the earth. Its properties include being a soft (malleable or easily shaped) and durable metal. Lead has been mined, smelted, and made into products for thousands of years. The Romans are credited with first developing practical uses for lead (e.g., in the aqueducts that were built to supply water to the city of Rome, drinking vessels, utensils). Unfortunately, this increased use of lead may have contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire due to the lowered birth rates and increased mental problems caused by lead poisoning! Picture slide(s) to follow: Picture of lead ore, called �galena.� Galena is the most common mineralogical form of lead.Lead is an element. It is a heavy metal that is mined from the earth. Its properties include being a soft (malleable or easily shaped) and durable metal. Lead has been mined, smelted, and made into products for thousands of years. The Romans are credited with first developing practical uses for lead (e.g., in the aqueducts that were built to supply water to the city of Rome, drinking vessels, utensils). Unfortunately, this increased use of lead may have contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire due to the lowered birth rates and increased mental problems caused by lead poisoning! Picture slide(s) to follow: Picture of lead ore, called �galena.� Galena is the most common mineralogical form of lead.

3. Where is lead found? Paint Dust Air Soil Gasoline Industrial releases Food Water Hobbies Other Slide 9. Clarify that some of these sources are former sources of lead while others are current sources. For example, lead in gasoline is no longer a major source in the U.S. but may have contributed to current levels of lead in the soil. Discuss reasons that each of these sources may contain lead. Explain how lead-based paint deteriorates and results in lead dust.Slide 9. Clarify that some of these sources are former sources of lead while others are current sources. For example, lead in gasoline is no longer a major source in the U.S. but may have contributed to current levels of lead in the soil. Discuss reasons that each of these sources may contain lead. Explain how lead-based paint deteriorates and results in lead dust.

4. How You Can Be Exposed Lead dust particles, not even visible to the eye, can be breathed or swallowed. Touching surfaces covered with lead dust may result in eating the dust. Symptoms of lead poisoning are the same as other common illnesses. Slide 10. In addition to discussing lead dust, talk about lead fumes resulting from heating or burning components painted with lead-based paint. Discuss the �hand-to-mouth� action of a child and how this is a route of exposure for children. Discuss how lead abatement workers may ingest lead dust by smoking, eating, or drinking on a lead-abatement site. Explain how the symptoms of lead poisoning are similar to those of fatigue, the common cold, flu, stress, food poisoning, etc. Note: The next chapter will cover these symptoms in greater detail. PICTURE SLIDE(S) TO FOLLOW: Slides 11 & 12Slide 10. In addition to discussing lead dust, talk about lead fumes resulting from heating or burning components painted with lead-based paint. Discuss the �hand-to-mouth� action of a child and how this is a route of exposure for children. Discuss how lead abatement workers may ingest lead dust by smoking, eating, or drinking on a lead-abatement site. Explain how the symptoms of lead poisoning are similar to those of fatigue, the common cold, flu, stress, food poisoning, etc. Note: The next chapter will cover these symptoms in greater detail. PICTURE SLIDE(S) TO FOLLOW: Slides 11 & 12

5. Jobs and Hobbies with Lead Exposure Jobs Construction trades (e.g., lead abatement workers, carpenters, plumbers, remodelers/renovators, painters, etc.) Industrial trades (e.g., lead miners, lead smelter workers, lead crystal makers, etc.) Other trades (e.g., firing range employees, police officers, artists, car mechanics, printers, etc.) Slide 13. Discuss how these occupations or hobbies may expose someone to lead.Slide 13. Discuss how these occupations or hobbies may expose someone to lead.

6. GENERAL INDUSTRY LEADSTANDARD 29 CFR 1910.1025 SCOPE AND APPLICATION Applies to all occupational exposure to lead except: construction agriculture

7. SELECTED DEFINITIONS LEAD Lead is a heavy, soft, flexible, blue-gray metal. The chemical symbol for lead is Pb. Metallic lead All inorganic lead compounds Organic lead soaps

8. SELECTED DEFINITIONS ACTION LEVEL (AL) 30 ?g/m3 PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL) 50 ?g/m3

9. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INITIAL DETERMINATION To determine whether employees are exposed at above the action level May rely on historical data May rely on objective data (Construction)

10. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT NEGATIVE INITIAL DETERMINATION No exposure at or above the action level Additional monitoring is not required unless there is a change in: equipment, process, control, personnel or task resulting in levels at or above the action level Document

11. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT POSITIVE INITIAL DETERMINATION Exposure at or above the AL and below the PEL Conduct monitoring representative of each exposed employee May use historical data Additional monitoring - every 6 months Document

12. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT POSITIVE INITIAL DETERMINATION Exposure at or above the PEL Conduct monitoring representative of each exposed employee May use historical data Additional monitoring - quarterly Document

13. METHODS OF COMPLIANCEGeneral Industry Exposures > PEL for more than 30 days per year Written Compliance Program Must reduce exposures to 200 ?g/m3 Engineering Controls Work Practice Controls Supplement with but can�t rely on respiratory protection

14. RESPIRATORYPROTECTION REQUIRED: while engineering and work practice controls are being installed or implemented during activities when engineering and work practice controls are not feasible where engineering and work practice controls are not feasible to reduce exposures below PEL

15. RESPIRATORYPROTECTION Must be provided whenever an employee requests a respirator. Must provide a PAPR whenever an employee requests one and it is protective against the level of exposure.

16. EXPOSURE > PEL  Respiratory protection Personal protective equipment Change rooms Showers (where feasible in construction) Eating facilities Hand washing facilities

17. HOUSEKEEPING Maintain surfaces as free as practicable of lead accumulation.

18. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCEGeneral Industry Exposure > AL for more than 30 days per year Medical exam Biological monitoring At least every 6 months Monthly for removed employees

19. MEDICAL REMOVAL General Industry Average of last three blood lead levels > 50 ?g/dL Average of blood lead levels over the past 6 months > 50 ?g/dL Return Benefits

20. MEDICAL REMOVAL General Industry RETURN > 80 ?g/dL > 70 ?g/dL > 60 ?g/dL Average = > 50 ?g/dL Final medical determination

21. EMPLOYEE TRAINING REQUIRED: EXPOSURE > AL for one day PRIOR TO ASSIGNMENT ANNUALLY

22. RECORDKEEPINGGeneral Industry EXPOSURE DATA AND MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 40 years or duration of employment plus 20 years MEDICAL REMOVAL At least duration of employment