Highlights of OSHA Fire Protection Standards

1. Mary Bauer CIH, CSP Compliance Assistance Specialist Eau Claire, WI 54701 715-832-9019 Highlights of OSHA Fire Protection Standards WITC Safety Day Rice Lake, WI March 15, 2012

2. Bios & Contacts • Mary Bauer – Eau Claire Area OSHA Office Compliance Assistance Specialist (CAS) 1310 West Clairemont Ave Eau Claire, WI 54701 715-832-9019 bauer.mary@dol.gov • Compliance Officer for 20 Years • CAS for 6 Years • All in Eau Claire Area Office • CIH: Certified Industrial Hygienist • CSP: Certified Safety Professional

3. Agenda: Highlights • Emergency Action Plan • Fire Extinguishers • Compressed Gases • Flammable Storage • Spray Booths • Dip Tanks • Welding – Hot Work Permits

4. Agenda: Highlights • Intrinsically Safe • Forklifts • Electrical • Confined Spaces • Meters • Combustible Dust

5. Do We Need a Plan or Ignore What’s Happening?

6. “Doors were locked from the outside so they wouldn't steal any chickens.”

7. Hydraulic FireSawmills Burn Frequently

8. 1910.38: (EAP) Emergency Action Plans • Must have an emergency action plan whenever an OSHA standard in this part requires one. • Must be in writing, in the workplace and available to employees for review • With 10 or fewer employees, may communicate the plan orally to employees • Same requirements for a Fire Prevention Plan as listed under 1910.39

10. 1910.38 Employee emergency plans (a)(2) elements- (I) emergency escape procedures and route assignments (ii) critical plant operations before evacuation (iii)procedures to account for all employees after emergency evacuation

11. 1910.38 Employee emergency plans (a) (2)elements (iv) rescue and medical duties (v) preferred means of reporting fires/other emergencies (vi) names or regular job titles of persons or departments who can be contacted for information under the plan

12. 1910.38 Employee emergency plans (a) (3) alarm system- employer must establish an alarm system which complies with .165 (4) establish the types of evacuation procedures (5) designate and train of sufficient number of persons to assist in evacuation

13. Fire Extinguisher Policy The employer evacuates all employees except those designated to use portable fire extinguishers [1910.157(b)(2)]: Employers who select this option need not comply with the distribution requirements of 1910.157(d). This option allows for the employer to distribute extinguishers in a manner such that they are available to the employees designated to fight incipient stage fires. If the employer selects this option, compliance with 1910.38(a) is required through 1910.157(b)(2).

14. Inspected Monthly & Annually Training for Designated Employees (i.e. fire watch)

15. Hazards Associated w/ Compressed Gases • Fire • Oxygen Enriched • Mixed Gases • Explosion: Flying Projectile • Damage to Cylinder • Cylinders High & Low Pressure • Release of Gas • Displacement of Oxygen ( CSE ) • Toxic Gases • Cryogenic

17. Fusible Plug . . Porous Mass Acetone Solvent 42% Volume . . Fusible Plug Acetylene cylinders The decomposition characteristics of acetylene gas are avoided: • By providing a porous mass packing material with minute cellular spaces • No pockets of appreciable size remain where “free” acetylene in gaseous form can collect • This porous mass is saturated with acetone, or other suitable solvent, in which the gaseous acetylene actually dissolves • CANNOT store on side- Leak around valve stem

18. Oxygen Fuel Gas 3.5 Flammable Gases Indoor cylinder storage • Well protected • Well ventilated • Dry • Twenty feet from flammable or combustible materials 20 Feet

19. Ready to go? Storage?

20. Flammable and Combustible Liquids1910.106 & 1926.152

21. Classes of Flammableand Combustible Liquids 200 IIIA Combustible (FP > 100oF) 140 II Flash Point (oF) 100 IC Flammable (FP < 100oF) 73 IA IB 100 Boiling Point (oF)

22. Classes of Some Flammable Liquids Common Name Flash Point (oF) Ethyl Ether -49 Gasoline -45 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 21 Toluene 40 Xylene 81-115 Turpentine 95 CLASS IA CLASS IB CLASS IC

23. Storage Cabinets • Not more than 60 gal of Class I and/or Class II liquids, or not more than 120 gal of Class III liquids permitted in a cabinet • Must be conspicuously labeled, “Flammable - Keep Fire Away” • Doors on metal cabinets must have a three-point lock (top, side, and bottom), and the door sill must be raised at least 2 inches above the bottom of the cabinet

24. Sources of Ignition Must take adequate precautions to prevent ignition of flammable vapors. Some sources of ignition include: • Open flames • Smoking • Static electricity • Cutting and welding • Hot surfaces • Electrical and mechanical sparks • Lightning

25. Static Electricity • Generated when a fluid flows through a pipe or from an opening into a tank • Main hazards are fire and explosion from sparks containing enough energy to ignite flammable vapors • Bonding or grounding of flammable liquid containers is necessary to prevent static electricity from causing a spark

28. Storage Rooms • 4” Sill or ramp at Door • Self Closing Fire Rated Door • Always provide adequate ventilation to reduce the potential for ignition of flammable vapors. • Gravity • Mechanical • 6 Air Changes Per Hour

29. Safety Cans for Storage and Transfer • Approved container of not more than 5 gallons capacity • Spring-closing lid and spout cover • Safely relieves internal pressure when exposed to fire

30. Flame Arrester Screen • Prevents fire flashback into can contents • Double wire-mesh construction • Large surface area provides rapid dissipation of heat from fire so that vapor temperature inside can remains below ignition point

31. Waste and Residue Combustible waste and residue must be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal receptacles and disposed of daily. Waste drum with disposal funnel Oily-waste can (self-closing lid) Safety disposal can

32. Spray Booths 1910.107 Conventional Downdraft Powder Coating Electrostatic Drying Ovens NFPA 33

33. Spray “Area” or “Room”

34. Organic Peroxides

35. (5) "Cleaning solvents." The use of solvents for cleaning operations shall be restricted to those having flashpoints not less than 100 deg. F.; however, for cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliary equipment, solvents having flashpoints not less than those normally used in spray operations may be used. Such cleaning shall be conducted inside spray booths and ventilating equipment operated during cleaning. (g) "Operations and Maintenance"

36. Dip Tanks1910.122-126

37. Fusible Links • UL Listed for 135°, 165°, 212°, 286°, 370°, 386° F. • Used by leading manufacturers of fire protection devices, including fire doors, fire dampers, part washers, gas & compressed air tanks, safes, gas pumps and chimneys.

38. LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas1910.110 • Hazards Similar to Compressed Gas • NFPA 58 • Delivery Vehicles • Transportation: DOT except • Maintenance: OSHA • At Delivery Point/Off Road: OSHA

39. LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas1910.110: Widely Used • Heating & Drying (Crops) • Permanent • Temporary (Construction) • Appliances • Stoves – Restaurant • Laundry • Industrial Furnaces • Vehicles Internal Engine ( Motor Fuel ) • Forklifts • Over The Road Vehicles

40. “Bobtail” LP Truck repaired but not emptied Gas Water Heater in room LP Heater – LP Truck

41. Rated Forklifts

44. Process Safety Management (PSM): 1910. 119 An Integrated Approach to Chemical Safety

45. WRR – Eau ClaireJune, 2007

46. Hazardous Locations1910.307 Electrical • Explosion Proof • Dust Tight • Temperature Classification • Gas Classification Imaging using solvents in A PRCS with a regular Trouble light ???

47. Hot Work Permits Cutting / Welding Permit Location: Job No. Date: Job No. Location & Building: Floor Nature of Job: Welder’s Name: The above location has been examined. The precautions checked on the reverse of this card have been taken to prevent fire. Permission is granted for this work. Permit Date: Time: Expires AM PM Permits are issued for the specific job being done, and for a specific time period. The time period is usually for the working shift, but may never exceed twenty-four hours.

48. Hot Work Permits Necessary Precautions O Sprinklers are in service. O Cutting and welding equipment in good repair. Precautions within 35 ft. (10 m.) of work. O Floors swept clean of combustibles. O Combustible floors wet down, covered with damp sand or fire-resistive sheets. O Flammable liquids removed; other combustibles, if not removed protected with fire-resistive tarpaulins or metal shields. O Explosive atmosphere in area eliminated. O All wall and floor openings covered. O Fire-resistive tarpaulins suspended beneath work. Work on Walls or Ceilings O Construction is noncombustible and without combustible covering or isolation. O Combustibles moved away from other side of wall. Work on Enclosed Equipment O Enclosed equipment cleaned of all combustibles. O Containers purged of flammable liquids. Fire Watch O Fire watch will be provided during and for at least 30 minutes after work, and during any coffee or lunch breaks. O Fire watch is supplied with suitable extinguishers, or charged small hose. O Fire watch is trained in use of this equipment and in sounding alarm. The Fire Marshal, Safety Engineer, or Maintenance Manager has the responsibility to verify that all necessary precautions have been taken at the worksite.

49. Empty Drum Containing Old Xylene Vapors Exploded When Torch Cut. 1910.252(a)(3)(i)

50. Flammable Atmospheres Non-flammable (Too “Rich”) Flammable Flammable Region V A P O R Non-flammable (Too “Lean”) Temperature