XIX th- XX th Century “ Isms ”

1. XIXth-XX th Century “Isms”

3. Four figures give their views on reform; • a Whig, Charles Grey (1764-1845) says ‘Reform is absolutely necessary to prevent Revolution’; • a Tory, the Duke of Wellington (1769-1852) says ‘I do maintain that Reform means nothing else than Revolution’; • a Liberal, possibly John Lee Lee (1802-74) says ‘A Leetle Reform is wanting but fiddlededee about Revolution’; • a Radical, William Cobbett (1763-1835) brandishing a gridiron says ‘I say if we don’t have a Real Radical Reform we’ll have a Revolution’; 1831

4. Before we examine people’s misnomered misconceptions of politics, it is critical to understand the general difference between “Left” or “Left Wing” and “Right” or “Right Wing.” • The terms “Left” and “Right” actually originate in the 18th century French Legislature where those loyal to the King and to religion sat on the right while those opposed to the King and were in favor of revolution sat on the left.

7. Conservatism • unwillingness or slowness to accept change or new ideas • a right-of-center political philosophy based on a tendency to support gradual rather than abrupt change and to preserve the status quo • an ideology that views the existing form of society as worthy of preservation

8. Liberalism • a belief in tolerance and gradual reform in moral, religious, or political matters
a political ideology with its beginnings in western Europe that rejects authoritarian government and defends freedom of speech, association, and religion, and the right to own property. • an economic theory in favor of free competition and minimal government regulation

9. Romanticisme • a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.

10. Nationalism • patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts. Synonyms:patriotism, patriotic sentiment, xenophobia, chauvinism, jingoïsme • "their extreme nationalism was frightening" • an extreme form of this, especially marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries.plural noun: nationalisms • advocacy of political independence for a particular country.

11. Industrialization is a noun that means the development of commercial enterprise. Industrialization occurs when industry is introduced on a large scale to a region or country — for example, when an economy goes from being based on agriculture to being based on manufacturing and other industries.

12. FORGET WHAT YOU THINK YOU KNOW ABOUT Conservatism Liberalism Romanticism Socialism Nationalism Feminism

13. Aristocracy / Landed Gentry Tradition Institutions Privileges Romanticism (Sometimes) Liberalism Socialism Nationalism Liberalism(vs. Socialism) Edmund Burke, Metternich Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France C L R N S F

14. Bourgeoisie (Professional Class) LIBERTY Laissez-faire Reform Constitution Choice Individualism Natural Rights Equality PROGRESS Nationalism (Self-Determination) Conservatism Romanticism SOCIALISM Conservatism (vs. Socialism) Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill Wealth of Nations, On Liberty C L R N S F

15. Conservatism vs. Liberalism

16. Burke’s Liberal Conservatism Burke supported the American Revolution because it combined liberal values with a connection with the British tradition of government.

17. Revolutions Compared

18. Revolutions Compared

19. Artists, Authors, & Poets Beauty Nature Nostalgia Enlightenment Conservatism (Backward Looking) Nationalism (It’s Just Beautiful) Liberalism William Blake (Poet) Eugène Delacroix (Artist) The Sorrows of Young Werther Frankenstein Blake’s Poetry C L R N S F

20. ALL (Nationality Transcends Class) Spirit (Volksgeist) Freedom Independence Liberalism (Self-Determination) Romanticism (Beauty & Ideals) Conservatism Mazzini (Italy) Hegel (German Philosopher) The Duties of Man (Mazzini) Grimm’s Fairy Tales C L R N S F

21. Liberty Leading the PeopleEugène Delacroix (1830)

22. Working Classes JUSTICE EQUALITY FAIRNESS Harmony Cooperation Association Organization Community FREEDOM Conservatism LIBERALISM It’s Complicated Louis Blanc, Karl Marx Organization of Work, The Communist Manifesto C L R N S F

23. Conservatism The Old Regime Based on Privilege Two Competing Alternatives LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege

24. Conservatism The Old Regime Based on Privilege LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege INDIVIDUALISM Every Man For Himself

25. Conservatism The Old Regime Based on Privilege LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege COLLECTIVISM We’re All In This Together

26. Conservatism The Old Regime Based on Privilege LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege INDIVIDUALISM COLLECTIVISM

27. Conservatism The Old Regime Based on Privilege Conservatives and Liberals shared a belief in private property and a fear of socialism LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege INDIVIDUALISM COLLECTIVISM

28. Remember the Ladies

29. WOMEN Gender Privilege Gender Equality Natural Rights Feminists employed these philosophies – not to say that Liberals and Socialists were feminists Liberalism Socialism Conservatism Mary Wollstonecraft John Stuart Mill A Vindication of the Rights of Woman The Subjection of Women C L R N S F

30. Le militarisme • Catégorie: une forme de gouvernement • Caractéristiques: - Un grand militaire agressif - Les politiques de guerre - La croyance qu’il faut toujours maintenir un militaire pret à défendre le pays Exemple: Le Japon pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale Comparaisons? Non

31. Le socialisme/Le marxisme Categorie: Une idéologie Caractéristiques: - Une société égale, basée sur la coopération et non la compétition • L’élimination des classes sociales (l’idée marxiste) • Un gouvernement totalitaire Exemple: Il n’existe pas de pays complètement socialiste, mais plutôt communiste Comparisons? Le communisme (qui est basé sur le marxisme)

32. Le libéralisme/La démocratie • Catégorie: Une forme de gouvernement qui signifie “dirigé par le peuple” • Caractéristiques: • La participation directe ou indirecte (representative) • Les droits de l’individu (les libertés...) • Des parties d’opposition Exemple: Le Canada, Les Etats-Unis, La Grande-Bretagne etc... Comparisons? Non

33. Le capitalisme • Catégorie: un système économique • Caractéristiques: • Contrôlé par les individus et les compagnies privées. • Le peuple est libre à decider comment il va gagner et dépenser son salaire • Les classes sociales • L’instabilité économique • Exemple: Le Canada, Les Etats-Unis • Comparisons? Non

34. L’imperialisme • Catégorie: Un mouvement pour le contrôle des colonies. La ‘colonisation’ • Caractéristiques: • Un pays maternel et une colonie • La pays maternel contrôle tous les aspects de la colonie . Ex: l’infrastructure, la culture, les institutions sociales etc. Exemple: plusieurs pays africains ex: Le Rwanda a été colonisé par la Belgique Comparisons? Non

35. Le totalitarisme/L’absolutisme • Catégorie: Une forme de gouvernement • Caractéristiques: • Une dictature, une personne a le pouvoir ‘absolu’ Exemples: La Russie (communiste), L’Allemagne nazie (fasciste) Comparisons? Le fascisme, le nazisme, le communisme

36. Le fascisme • Catégorie: une forme de gouvernement • Caractéristiques: • Une dictature • En pouvoir souvent après un coup • L’etat contrôle tout (totalitaire) • Le patriotisme extrême • Les politiques de guerre • La persécution des minorités • La propagande Exemples: l’Italie sous la direction de Mussolini, L’Espagne sous la direction de Franco, L’ Allemagne sous la direction de Hitler Comparisons? Le nazisme, le totalitarisme

37. Le communisme • Catégorie: une forme du gouvernement, basé sur le marxisme • Caractéristiques: • Un seul bloc – pas d’opposition • Un gouvernement totalitaire • La propriété publique des moyens de production • L’éducation est importante Exemples? Le Cuba, Le Vîet-Nam, La Corée du Nord... Comparisons? Le socialisme/le marxisme