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Oceanography Essentials: Discovering Earth's Mysteries

Explore the history of ocean exploration, from Eratosthenes to modern satellite technology, with key discoveries and obstacles encountered. This textbook provides vital information for test preparation, homework, and reading assignments.

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Oceanography Essentials: Discovering Earth's Mysteries

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  1. The REQUIREDtextbook for this course is: Author/Title:Essentials of Oceanography, 8/e Alan P. Trujillo Course/Section: Oceanography 251 Professor: Dr. John Wormuth This text is a crucial resource for: R Test Preparation R Homework assignments R Reading assignments

  2. CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Planet “Earth”

  3. 01_02

  4. Over 2,000 years ago Eratosthenes determines the circumference of the earth within 1% of today’s measurements.

  5. Impediments to early ocean exploration • determination of latitude and longitude

  6. The angle formed by the horizon and the North Star measures our latitude.

  7. Impediments to early ocean exploration • determination of latitude and longitude • 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world

  8. Map of the World (about 1570 AD)

  9. Impediments to early ocean exploration • determination of latitude and longitude • 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world • 1760 - first good chronometer

  10. Developed by John Harrison, a carpenter by trade, in the mid-1700’s. It weighed about 40 kilograms.

  11. Harrison’s final chronometer. It weighed about 2 kgs.

  12. Impediments to early ocean exploration • determination of latitude and longitude • 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world • 1760 - first good chronometer

  13. Impediments to early ocean exploration • determination of latitude and longitude • 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world • 1760 - first good chronometer • 1769 - Ben Franklin publishes an early chart of the Gulf Stream

  14. Benjamin Franklin

  15. Impediments to early ocean exploration • determination of latitude and longitude • 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world • 1760 - first good chronometer • 1770 - Ben Franklin publishes an early chart of the Gulf Stream • 1831 - five year cruise of the BEAGLE

  16. Impediments to early ocean exploration • determination of latitude and longitude • 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world • 1760 - first good chronometer • 1831 - five year cruise of the BEAGLE

  17. Impediments to early ocean exploration • determination of latitude and longitude • 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world • 1760 - first good chronometer • 1831 - five year cruise of the BEAGLE • 1872 - CHALLENGER leaves England for 3 1/2 year cruise

  18. A bottom dredge used to collect bottom-living organisms in the deep sea.

  19. 1872 - CHALLENGER leaves England for 3 1/2 year cruise • 1888 - Marine Biological Laboratory founded in Woods Hole Massachusetts • 1893 - Nansen sets adrift in the FRAM

  20. Fridtjof Nansen

  21. 1872 - CHALLENGER leaves England for 3 1/2 year cruise • 1888 - Marine Biological Laboratory founded in Woods Hole Massachusetts • 1893 - Nansen sets adrift in the FRAM • 1912 - Alfred Wegner lectures on continental drift

  22. Alfred Wegner

  23. 1912 - Scripps Institution of Oceanography becomes affiliated with the UC System

  24. 1912 - Scripps Institution of Oceanography becomes affiliated with the UC System • 1930 - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution founded

  25. 1912 - Scripps Institution of Oceanography becomes affiliated with the UC System • 1930 - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution founded • 1949 - Texas A&M Department of Oceanography and Lamont- Doherty Geological Observatory founded • 1960 - TRIESTE reaches 10,915m in the Marianas Trench

  26. The Trieste

  27. 1962 - Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring • 1965 - Scripps Institution of Oceanography develops FLIP (Floating Laboratory and Instrument Platform)

  28. FLIP

  29. 1968 - Monster buoys are anchored in the Pacific

  30. Monster Bouy

  31. 1968 - Monster buoys are anchored in the Pacific • 1968 - GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts operations

  32. GLOMAR CHALLENGER

  33. 1968 - Monster buoys are anchored in the Pacific • 1968 - GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts operations • 1977 - ALVIN finds hydrothermal vents

  34. ALVIN

  35. 1968 - Monster buoys are anchored in the Pacific • 1968 - GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts operations • 1977 - ALVIN finds hydrothermal vents • 1978 - Seasat is launched (first oceanographic satellite)

  36. Seasat

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