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Understanding Judaism: Key Facts, Beliefs, and Historical Timeline

Discover the rich history and beliefs of Judaism, a religion practiced by approximately 14 million worldwide. This overview covers the timeline from Creation to the First Century, highlighting key figures like Abraham and Moses, significant writings such as the Tanakh and the Talmud, and the diversity of Jewish practices including Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform traditions. Explore the concepts of God, the role of Jesus, salvation, and the afterlife within Judaism, as well as important festivals and practices that shape the daily lives of Jewish people today.

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Understanding Judaism: Key Facts, Beliefs, and Historical Timeline

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  1. Group Questions List all of the facts that you know about JUDAISM…See how many you can list. See if you can reconstruct a basic historical timeline of the Jewish people from Creation to the First Century.

  2. Judaism in The World ~ 14 Million

  3. Judaism in America • Orthodox1,000,000 • Conservative2,000,000 • Reform 1,300,000

  4. Folk Religion The lived, everyday practices of religion by common laypersons. (May be very different from the “official” definitions of the religion by professionals)

  5. JUDAISM • OT History • Early Period • The Patriarchs • Egypt & Sinai • Conquest & Judges • The United Kingdom • The Divided Kingdom • Exile & Restoration • Greek Occupation & Hasmonean Kingdom • Roman Occupation

  6. JUDAISM • Biblical Writings • The Mishnah • Halakah – deals w/ application of laws • The Talmud • Authoritative source of Jewish law & tradition • Haggadah – stories illustrating the application of law

  7. JUDAISM • KEY PERSONS • Abraham

  8. JUDAISM • KEY PERSONS • Abraham • Moses

  9. JUDAISM • KEY PERSONS • Abraham DATE • about 2000 BC LOCATION • Middle East • Moses

  10. JUDAISM KEY WRITINGS • The Tanakh(Old Testament), especially the Torah(first five books of the Old Testament) • The Talmud(explanation of the Tanakh) • Teachings of each branch: • Orthodox • Conservative • Reform • Writingsof sages, such as Maimonides

  11. JUDAISM WHO IS GOD? • God is spirit. • To Orthodox Jews, God is personal, all-powerful, eternal, and compassionate.

  12. JUDAISM WHO IS GOD? • God is spirit. • To Orthodox Jews, God is personal, all-powerful, eternal, and compassionate. “Yahweh,” the sacred name of God, as written in Hebrew • To other Jews, God is impersonal, unknowable, and defined in a number of different ways. • There is no Trinity. Bible

  13. JUDAISM WHO IS JESUS? • Jesus is seen either as an extremist false messiah or a good but martyred Jewish rabbi (teacher). • Many Jews do not acknowledge Jesus at all. • Jews (except for Messianic Jews and Hebrew Christians) do not believe Jesus was the Messiah or the Son of God, or that he rose from the dead. • Orthodox Jews believe the Messiah will restore the Jewish kingdom and eventually rule the earth. Bible

  14. JUDAISM WHO IS THE HOLY SPIRIT? • Some Jews believe that the Holy Spirit is another name for God’s activity on earth. • Others say that the Holy Spirit is God’s love or power. Bible

  15. JUDAISM HOW TO BE SAVED • Some Jews believe that prayer, repentance, and obedience to the Law are necessary for salvation. • Other Jews believe that salvation is the improvement of society. Bible

  16. JUDAISM WHAT HAPPENS AFTER DEATH • Some Jews believe there will be a physical resurrection. • The obedient will live forever with God; the unrighteous will suffer. • Some Jews do not believe in a conscious life after death. Bible

  17. JUDAISM OTHER BELIEFS AND PRACTICES • Meeting in synagogues on the Sabbath(Sabbath is Friday evening to Saturday evening). • Circumcision of males.

  18. JUDAISM OTHER BELIEFS AND PRACTICES • Many holy days and festivals, including… • Passover • Sukkot (Feast of Tabernacles) • Hanukkah (Feast of Dedication) • Rosh Hashanah (New Year) • Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) • Purim • Jerusalem is considered the holy city.

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