Gender and Human Rights

2. Gender and Human Rights Toolkit for Researching Gender Mainstreaming M. Estrada

3. Gender Mainstreaming Concept • “Process of assessing implications for women and men of any planned action in all areas and at all levels, including, legislation, policies or programmes. • Strategy for making men and women’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres to avoid inequality”. • Its ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality M. Estrada

4. Gender Analysis & Mainstreaming (1) Examines: Differences between roles that women and men play in communities and societies Different levels of power they hold Differing needs, constraints and opportunities, men and women Impact of these differences on lives of men and women M. Estrada

5. Gender Analysis & Mainstreaming (2) Identifies: Root causes of existing gender inequalities Obstacles to female empowerment Opportunities to promote women’s leadership and participation Methods for male’s active participation M. Estrada

6. DISCRIMINATION Any violation of rights caused to a person or group due to the fact that they are perceived as being different for several reasons as: Gender (sex and sexual orientation) Membership of a cultural group Physical and mental health (disabilities, chronic illnesses, AIDS/HIV and addictions) Age (particularly children and senior citizens) Religion, race, political, economic and/or social situation M. Estrada

7. Gender Discrimination Any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference of any kind based on the grounds of genderor other related status, having the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise on an equal footing, of all rights and freedoms of the person towards these prejudices have been exerted. M. Estrada

8. Fundamental Principles Human Rights Research Types and Processes

9. Gender and Research Holistic and Multifaceted Methodology applying theoretical and sociological starting points for the analysis of Humanity’s struggle throughout its evolvement for attaining the highest forms and expressions of universal recognition, implementation and guarantee of All Human Rights for All.

10. In a broad sense, all human rights defenders, activists, supporters, advocates, practitioners -- everyone close to Human Rights-- does research, but they do not write about it. • Main importance: need to trustworthy human rights published research based not only on pure analysis, opinions and hearsaybut on available tested experience to show the right path to society on its compliance with human rights obligations

11. Gender and Research Fundamental Elements Research on Human Rights Philosophy Socio-Economic Historical Conceptual and Philosophical Understanding

12. Ground rules for Researching Gender and Human Rights • Researching Gender and Human Rights must be based in a methodology that scientifically, comprehensively and philosophically will provide explanations, insight into and understanding of the mysteries of the world in which we live: reasons for discrimination and the victory over its different expressions!

13. Gender and Human Rights Research Main Objectives • Pursuit of the reality of social truth with help of objective study, observations, comparison, and experiments. • Major objective: providing the basis for all government policies in economic/social/legal/ administrative context (Human Rights Based approach) • Fundamental for designing government’s budgets that should balance a human rights analysis of the needs and rights of the people with the availability of revenues to meet these needs and rights 22

14. Discriminatory Social Institutions Social norms, social practices, Social costumes Social Uses Formal and Informal laws – Need to asses them to discover persistence of gender inequalities M. Estrada 14

15. Social Culture Discrimination is embedded in the social culture It is necessary to analyse and know the institutions conforming social culture to eradicate discrimination Discrimination is the major obstacle for development M. Estrada 15

16. Fundamental Features • A systematized effort to gain new knowledge about the social and economic situation of the population vis a vis Human Rights principles and obligations. • A Search for facts through objective, systematic and scientific method for finding the best solution for Gender and Human Rights problems. • A systematic, objective (purposeful), reproducible, relevant activity to be able to have control over human rights implementation.

17. General Situation of Countries https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/

18. General Human Rights Situation of Countries http://www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/upr/pages/Documentation.aspx

19. General Women’s Human Rights Situation of Countries http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CEDAW/Pages/CEDAWIndex.aspx

20. The Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI ) Powerful tool for analysing gender inequality and applying gender mainstreaming. Focused on the underlying social fabric that contains and influence gender roles and relations, provides additional insight on the causes of gender inequality.

21. 5 The Social Institutions Variables 5 Unique Variables to identify discrimination Family Code, Physical Integrity, Son Preference, Civil Liberties, and Ownership Rights

22. Discriminatory Family Code : • Legal Age of Marriage • Early marriage • Parental authority • Inheritance • Polygamy M. Estrada

23. Physical Integrity Violence against Women expressed by Laws, Attitudes and Prevalence of social actions of violence Rape, assault and sexual harassment Female Genital Mutilation Level of Reproductive Integrity

24. Son Bias • Son preference reflects the economic valuation of women, based on the variable missing women, which measures gender bias in mortality due to sex selective abortions or insufficient care given to baby girls. M. Estrada

25. Civil Liberties • Access to Public Spaces • Political Voice • Freedom of movement • Freedom of dress M. Estrada

26. Ownership Rights • Women's access to land • Women access to property other than land • Women's access to credit M. Estrada

27. Building Rankings • http://my.genderindex.org • http://genderindex.org/countries

28. Gender Development Index (GDI)UNDP Three dimensions: Empowerment, Labour market and Reproductive health Five Indicators: Maternal Mortality, Adolescent fertility, Parliamentary Representation, Educational Attainment, Labour Force participation M. Estrada

29. Gender Development Index (GDI)UNDP http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/ http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/gii/ M. Estrada

30. Violence against Women http://sgdatabase.unwomen.org/home.action http://sgdatabase.unwomen.org/country.action

31. “De Juri” “De Facto” Implementation?

32. Miriam Estrada-Castillo Professor miriam.estrada@rwi.lu.se The previous slides are excerpts from Dr Miriam Estrada-Castillo New Book “ Gender and Human Rights : Brief analysis of its Principles, Concepts, and Theories from the International Legal Perspective” Kindly quote if copied.