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Motivation and Behavior Modification

Motivation and Behavior Modification. Chapter 19. A Behavioral View of Motivation. Motivating Operations (MO’s) Events or operations that: Temporarily alter the effectiveness of consequences as reinforcers or punishers (value-altering effect)

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Motivation and Behavior Modification

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  1. Motivation and Behavior Modification Chapter 19

  2. A Behavioral View of Motivation • Motivating Operations (MO’s) • Events or operations that: • Temporarily alter the effectiveness of consequences as reinforcers or punishers (value-altering effect) • Influence behaviors that normally lead to those reinforcers or punishers (behavior-altering effect) • Motivating Establishing Operations (MEOs) • Increases the effectiveness of a consequence as a reinforcer • Motivating Abolishing Operations (MAOs) • Decreases the effectiveness of a consequence as a reinforcer

  3. Unconditioned Versus Conditioned Motivating Operations • Unconditioned Motivating Operations (UMOs) • Value-altering effect is innate • Behavior-altering effect is learned • Conditioned Motivating Operations (CMOs) • Value-altering effect is learned • Behavior-altering effect is learned

  4. CMEOs and SDs • SD • A stimulus that has been correlated with the availability of a reinforcer for a particular behavior • A cue that tells you what to do to get what you already want • CMEO • Motivator that momentarily increases the value of a conditioned reinforcer and increases the likelihood of behavior that has led to that reinforcer in the past • A cue that changes what you want and tells you what to do to get whatever it is that you now want

  5. CMAOs and S∆s • S∆ • A stimulus in the presence of which a response has not been reinforced • A cue that tells you that emitting a particular behavior will not lead to a reinforcer that you want • CMAO • A motivator that momentarily decreases the value of a conditioned reinforcer, and decreases the likelihood of behavior that has led to that reinforcer in the past • Influences someone to no longer want a particular consequence, and decreases behavior that led to that consequence

  6. SDs, S∆s, CMEOs and CMAOs • Discriminative variables (SDs, S∆s) are related to differential availability of an effective form of reinforcement given a particular type of behavior • Motivative variables (CMEOs, CMAOs) are related to the differential reinforcing effectiveness of environmental events

  7. Application of Motivating Operations • Teaching mands to children with autism • Mands – a request for something that a person wants • First type of verbal behavior acquired by a child • Motivating seat belt use among senior drivers • Decreasing self-injurious behavior maintained by attention

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