1. A. frequent B. impolite C. sensitive D. grateful

2. If you travel around the world, you will be surprised to find just how different the foreign customs can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it 1 to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself. 1. A. frequent B. impolite C. sensitive D. grateful 1. B 由下句The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself可知。

3. Also in India, you might see a man 2 shaking his head at another and assume that he is 3 . 2. A. apparently B. privately C. stiffly D. deliberately 3. A. discouraging B. disguising C. disappointing D. disagreeing 2. A 根据常识和搭配，应是你可能看到一个人在“明显地”对另一个人摇头。B.“私下地”,C.“僵硬地”D.“故意地”,均不合语境。 3. D 由下句的But可知，应选与agreement意义相反的词Р故选D。反义词同现。

4. But in many parts of India a shake of the head is a gesture that shows agreement or 4 . Nodding your head when you are offered a drink in Bulgaria is likely to leave you 5 . 4. A. guidance B. annoyance C. acceptance D. acquaintance 5. A. thirsty B. harmful C. anxious D. embarrassed 4. C 与agreement同现的应是意义相近的acceptance。 5. A 由前面的drink和后文的a nod indicates “no”可知,选thirsty。thirsty与drink是词语同现。

5. In that country you 6 your head to indicate “yes” —a nod indicates “no”. The Arabs are famous for their hospitality (好客). At a meal in the Arabic countries, you will find that any drinking vessel (器皿) is 7 refilled as soon as you drink it up. 6. A. use B. hit C. move D. shake 7. A. gradually B. repeatedly C. frequently D. entirely 6. D 因yes与后面的no相对，所以应选与nod相对的shake。反义词同现。 7. B 由前面的“好客”和后面的as soon as you drink it up可知,是“反复地”被装满，故选repeatedly(=again and again)。

6. The way to 8 that you have had enough is to take the cup or glass in your hand and give it a little shake from side to side or place your hand over the top. 8. A. discuss B. understand C. indicate D. regret 8. C 由that从句的内容可知, 是指“表明”你已够了,不再喝了的方式。

7. In Europe it is quite usual to 9 your legs when sitting talking to someone, 10 at an important meeting. 9. A. cross B. hurt C. tighten D. remove 10. A. ever B. even C. still D. almost 9. A 根据常识, 在坐着谈话时应是“交叉双腿, 跷二郎腿”, 故填cross。 10. B 表示递进，意为“甚至, 即使, 连……也”, 用even。

8. Doing this when meeting an important person in Thailand, however, could cause 11 .It is considered too informal an attitude for such an 12 . 11. A. violence B. dispute C. offence D.consequence 12. A. occasion B. enterprise C. incident D.environment 11. C 由however可知情况与上句所述相反; 又由too informal (太不拘礼节了)可知, 这样做会“伤感情, 得罪人，冒犯(cause offence)”。 12. A 指会见重要人物的这样一种正式的 “场合(occasion)”。

9. Also when in Thailand you should 13 touching the head of an adult—it’s just not done. In Japan, it is quite usual for men to plan evening entertainment for themselves and 14 their wives at home. In Europe such attitudes are disappearing. 13. A. appreciate B. avoid C. admit D. risk 14. A. keep B. find C. leave D. remain 13. B 由后面的it’s just not done (不要这样做)可知, 应当“避免”碰成年人的头。 14. C 由前面的plan evening entertainment for themselves可知，将他们的妻子留在家里，故选leave (将某人留下)。

10. Customs vary from country to country. 15 may be at a loss as to what to do in a foreign environment. In such circumstances, the rule is: When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 15. A. Guests B. Customers C. Students D. Visitors 15. D 由in a foreign environment可知, 是在外国旅游的“游客”。

11. (二十二) Where Has the Salt Come from? Every now and then, we meet a fact about our earth that makes us feel 1 and no answer for the fact has yet been found. Such a 2 is the existence of salt in the oceans. How did it get there? 1. A. strange B. special C. terriable D. awkward 2. A. statement B. scene C. remark D. fact 1. A 由no answer可知，应当是使我们感到“奇怪”。 2. D 由前文句中的fact可知选fact, 才会上下句衔接。句意是“海洋中有盐就是这样一个事实”。原词复现。

12. We 3 do not know how the salt got into the ocean! We do know, of course, that salt is water-soluble (可溶于水的), and so passes into the oceans with rainwater. The 4 of the earth’s surface is constantly being dissolved (溶解) and is passing into the ocean. 3. A. truly B. properly C. simply D. absolutely 4. A. salt B. water C. rock D. soil 3. C 由上文的语气和常识可知，盐到达海洋里应当是有原因的，“只是”我们不知道而已。 4. A 由前句“盐是可溶于水的”可知，这里是指地表的“盐”被不断溶解，流入大海。原词复现。

13. But we do not know whether this can 5 the huge quantity of salt in oceans, if all the oceans were dried up, enough salt would be left to build a 6 180 miles high and a mile thick. Such a wall would reach once around the world at the Equator! 5. A. measure B. explain C. confirm D. convince 6. A. bridge B. wall C. fence D. railway 5. B 指第二段所述情况能否“解释”第一段最后一句所提出的疑问。 6. B 由下句的Such a wall可知。原词复现, 使上下句衔接紧密。

14. The 7 salt that we all use is produced from seawater or the water of salt lakes, from salt springs and from 8 of rock salt. 7. A. common B. advanced C. unusual D. accurate 8. A. mixtures B. outputs C. collections D. deposits 7.A 由that we all use可知, 是指“普通的, 常见的”盐。 8.D 由下段中的the thick rock-salt deposits可知, 是指岩盐的“沉积物”。原词复现。

15. The concentration of salt in seawater 9 from about three percent to three-and-one-half percent. The Dead Sea, which covers an area of about 340 square miles, 10 about 11,600,000,000 tons of salt! 9. A. trembles B. swings C. ranges D. transforms 10. A. includes B. contains C. squeezes D. consumes 9. C 与from…to…连用, 表示变化范围, 用range。 10. B 指一种东西中“包含”有另外不同的东西(have sth. within itself), 要用contain。与下句中的contain是原词复现。

16. On the average, a gallon of seawater contains about a quarter of a pound of salt. The beds of rock salt that are found in various parts of the world were all 11 formed by the evaporation (蒸发) of seawater millions of years ago. 11. A. actually B. gradually C. occasionally D. originally 11. D 由millions of years ago可知, 岩盐层“最初, 原本”就是由几百万年前由海水蒸发而形成的。

17. It is believed that the thick rock-salt deposits were 12 after about nine-tenth of the volume of seawater had been evaporated. Most commercial salt is obtained from rock salt. The usual 13 is to drill wells down to the salt beds. 12. A. increased B. introduced C. formed D. transferred 13. A. treatment B. problem C. method D. reaction 12. C 前句是讲岩盐层形成的时间，本句是讲“形成”的条件，即在什么情况下形成的。 13. C 前句讲“大多数商业盐是由岩盐而获得”, 再根据本句作表语的不定式“钻井到盐床”应是获得盐的通常的“方法”。

18. Pure water is pumped down through a 14 . The water dissolves the salt and it is forced through another pipe up to the 15 . 14. A. pipe B. crack C. hole D. cable 15. A. rooftop B. ceiling C. globe D. surface 14. A 由下文的through another pipe可知, 此处是指纯净的水通过“管道”输送到下面。 15. D 句意是：水溶解盐，然后又通过另外一条管道将它抽到地表上来。

19. (二十三) Britain has a large circulation (发行量) of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both 1 about 4 million copies each day. On average, every 2 will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays. 1. A. sell B. distribute C. take D. produce 2. A. company B. family C. person D. school 1. A 由前文的circulation和后文的buy可知，这两种报每天都要“卖”四百万份。sell与buy是词语同现。 2. B 根据常识，公司和学校周末是休息，而后面说星期天买两三份，比平时还买得多，与情理不符；若是每个人每天早上买一份报纸就更不合常理了，婴儿不会买吧？故选B更好。

20. Local newspapers are just as popular as the 3 ones in Britain. Local papers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Nearly every town and country area has its own paper, and almost every local paper is 4 holding its own. Many local newspapers are earning good profits. 3. A. national B. morning C. evening D. weekly 4. A. technically B. personally C. financially D. eventually 3. A 因前段是谈“国家性报纸”, 本段是讲“地方性报纸”, 可见, 此句的意思是, 地方报纸与国家报纸一样受欢迎。national是原词复现。 4. C 由后句are earning good profits可知, 指“经济上”还保持得住,不衰退。

21. Local newspapers have their special 5 . They mainly satisfy interest in local 6 —births, weddings, deaths, council meetings, and sports. 5. A. talents B. functions C. circumstances D. characteristics 6. A. festivals B. events C. customs D. celebrations 5. D 由下句地方报纸有他们自己的“特色”。 6. B 破折号后面是具体内容，能包括这些内容的只有events (活动，事件，赛事)。events与births, deaths, sports等是上下义重现。

22. Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the 7 well. Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly 8 these papers with much local news. 7. A. message B. circulation C. information D.district 8. A. supply B. equip C. acquaint D. offer 7. D 由前句可知，要刊登地方上的活动赛事等, 报社工作人员应当对这个“地方，行政区”很熟悉。 8. A 指俱乐部和教堂定期给地方报纸 “提供”本地新闻。offer虽有“提供”之意, 但通常是跟双宾语, 不用介词with。

23. Local news does not get out of 9 as quickly as national news. If there is no 10 for it in this week’s edition, a news item can be held over until the following week. 9. A. place B. range C. Date D.question 10. A. doubt B. evidence C. room D. sense 9. C 由as quickly as可知，这里是指“过时”，故用date。 10. C 由“被延搁到下周(be held over until the following week)”可知，这周是没有版面，故选room (=space余地)。

24. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on 11 . For this reason, he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen. 11. A. managing B. advertising C. editing D. planning 11. B 由常识和下文“博得商人的好感(keep the good will of local businessmen)”可推知, 任何报纸的成功都依赖“广告”。advertising与businessmen是词语同现。

25. If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers, the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their 12 in the public eye. 12. A. factories B. reputations C. images D. products 12. D 商人感谢报纸，应当是报纸提供了机会, 让公众了解他们的“产品”。products与businessmen, advertising是词语同现。

26. Local newspapers 13 comment on problems of national importance, and editors rarely take sides on political questions. But they can often provide service to the community in 14 public feeling on local issues. 13. A. ever B. never C. often D. seldom 14. A. improving B. expressing C. increasing D. observing 13. D 由下句开头的but可知, 应选与often意义相反意义的词, 再由rarely(=not often)提醒, 故选seldom(=not often)。seldom与rarely是同义词复现, 与often是反义词同现。 14. B 由动宾搭配可知，应是对当地事务“表达”感情或意见。

27. A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport, provide better shopping facilities, and 15 local monuments and places of interest. 15. A. preserve B. visit C. rebuilt D. guarantee 15.A 由语境和动宾搭配可知, 对“当地的文物和名胜古迹(local monuments and places of interest)”应当是“保护”。

28. (二十四) Some people seem to have special skills for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or 1 , and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. 1. A. grammar B. usages C. patterns D.pronunciation 1. A 由前面的vocabulary (词汇) 的提示, 又由带有解释性的or可知, 答案应与rules意思相近, 故选grammar (语法)。因语法就是遣词造句的规则, 所以由“规则”可想到“语法”。rules与grammar是近义词复现。

29. They do not seem to be any more 2 than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? First of all, successful language learners are 3 learners. 2. A. creative B. intelligent C. ambitious D.impatient 3. A. independent B. humorous C. courageous D.diligent 2. B 由常识可知，句意应为：他们似乎并不比别人“聪明”，那么到底是什么让他们觉得语言学习这样容易呢？ 3. A 由后面一句中的do not depend on可知，这是反义词复现, 因为是用反义词表达同样一个意思。最后一段的总结中，independently是最准确的印证，该词与independent是同根词复现。

30. They do not depend on the book or the teacher. Instead of waiting for the teacher to 4 , they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good 5 who look for clues and form their own conclusions. 4. A. praise B. instruct C. explain D.advise 5. A. students B. learners C. teachers D. guessers 4. C 由后面“他们试图自己找出句式和规则”可知, 他们不会“等老师来解释”。 5. D 从其后的定语从句“寻找线索”可知是在“猜测”, 结合后面的guess wrong和guess again可确认, 选guessers (猜测者, 推测者)。guesser与guess是同根词复现。

31. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from 6 . Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to 7 the language; they look for such a chance. 6. A. clues B. guesses C. books D. mistakes 7. A. learn B. master C. understand D. use 6. D 从前句When they guess wrong, they guess again可知, 选D。wrong与mistakes近义词复现。 7. D 从后面几句，特别是communicate, repeat, hear or to say, to think in the language等字眼可知，此处是指主动找机会“运用”这门语言。use与communicate, hear, say等是上下义复现。

32. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to 8 them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to 9 what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. 8. A. guide B. teach C. help D. correct 9. A. complain B. repeat C. face D. ignore 8. D 由后面的when they make a mistake可知, 应选D。因为 “犯错(make a mistake)”与 “改错(correct mistakes)”是词语同现。 9. B 由后面的try again可知，是“重说(repeat)”一遍。

33. … Finally, successful language learners are learners with a 10. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. 10. A. purpose B. desire C. schedule D. perseverance 10 .A 由后面的in order to，特别是最后一段中的purposefully可知，选A。

34. It is 11 for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. 11. A. difficult B. important C. necessary D. essential 11. C 从前句“他们想学这门语言，是因为他们对这门语言和说这种语言的人感兴趣”，可见，“他们为了要同这些人交流，就‘必须(necessary)’要学会这门语言”。

35. They find it easy to practice using the language 12 because they want to learn with it. If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, 13 , and purposefully. 12. A. partly B. particularly C. regularly D. effectively 13. A. sincerely B. actively C. selflessly D. absolutely 12. C 因为“他们想在伴随着使用这门语言的过程中学会这门语言”，所以“他们会‘经常’练习使用这门语言”。 13. B 此句是对前面第二、三、四这三段所述方法的总结，此空对应的是第三段Successful language learning is active learning的，actively与active是同根词复现。

36. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than 14 , you might as well try some of the 15 outlined above. 14. A. hopeful B. powerful C. successful D. tactful 15. A. techniques B. languages C. conclusions D.occasions 14. C 此句与If you are a successful language learner相对应，可见应选successful。 15. A 指上文中的learning independently, actively, and purposefully这三种技巧和方法。与第一段第一句中的skills是同义复现。

37. (二十五) The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have 1 for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet. 1. A. produced B. appeared C. piled D. stood 1. D 由后面的they will continue to stand for thousands of years可知，选stood。

38. There are over eighty of them 2 along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in 3 from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the “Step” pyramid and the “Bent” pyramid. 2. A. accumulated B. abandoned C. scattered D. accompanied 3. A. height B. shape C. size D. width 2. C 金字塔应是“分布，分散”在尼罗河两岸。 3. B 从下句(the “Bent” pyramid)和下段的描述(特别是look much the same as)可知, 是指在外表“形状”上与几千年前的真实的金字塔不同了。

39. Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the 4 suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings. 4. A. damage B. pain C. failure D. loss 4. A 从空格后面的内容“由人类造成的, 这些人寻宝藏或找石头来搞现代建筑”, 可知是给金字塔造成“损害(damage)”。

40. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to 5 the pyramids, and their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were 6 to last for ever. 5. A. preserve B. ruin C. rescue D. defend 6. A. protected B. foreseen C. constructed D. planned 5. A 根据These are good reasons why they can still be seen today可知, 埃及的气候有助于将金字塔“保存”下来。 6. D 由下段开头句可知，选planned。

41. It is 7 certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans of other large works have 8 been preserved. 7. A. gradually B. practically C. eventually D. finally 8. A. actually B. fluently C. totally D. fortunately 7. B 由because引导的原因状语从句来推测, “几乎”可以肯定, 金字塔的建筑会有“设计图”。 8. D 其他大工程的设计图能够保存下来, 当然是“幸运的”。

42. However, there are no 9 or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to 10 at the methods used. 9. A. films B. paintings C. writings D. newspapers 10. A. guess B. work C. aim D. explore 9. C 由or pictures(图片)可知, 选“文字”。句意：并没有文献资料或图片显示埃及人是如何设计和建造金字塔的。 10. A 由前句没有文字和图片显示如何设计和建造, 其结果, 建造时所采用的方法，我们就只能是“猜测”了。

43. However, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have 11 a fairly clear picture of them. One thing is certain: there must have been months of 12 planning before they could begin to build. 11. A. drawn B. found C. formed D. bought 12. A. impressive B. careful C. super D. fundamental 11. C 虽然没有文字图片，但通过考查现实的金字塔和所发现的工具，考古学家已“形成(formed)”了相当清晰的图片了。 12. B 根据语境可知, 在开始建造之前, 应做了“精心的”规划。

44. The first thing they had to do was to choose a 13 place. You may think this would have been 14 with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. 13. A. interesting B. beautiful C. remote D. suitable 14. A. disturbing B. depressing C. easy D. difficult 13. D 根据常识, 应是选择“适当的”地点。 14. C 由表示转折的后一分句“但是金字塔不能任意修建在别的地方”, 可知你也许会认为在广阔的沙漠中选一个地方是一件“容易”的事。

45. Certain rules had to be 15 , and certain problems had to be overcome. 15. A. made B. followed C. broken D. established 15.B 表示“遵循规则”是follow the rules。

46. (二十六) How important is sleep for children? Getting too little could leave them more emotional and excited. As a nation, we don’t get enough 1 . 1. A. emotion B. sleep C. excitement D. education 1. B 根据第一段的段意及第一段第一句中的sleep可知选B, sleep是原词复现。

47. And we’re passing along our night-owl (夜猫子) habits to members of the next 2 , which could leave children with less 3 over their emotions and have a tendency of excitement, according to the latest study. 2. A. generation B. situation C. proposition D. combination 3. A. challenge B. effect C. control D. test 2. A 根据前文的短语passing along… habits 及后文的children可推出填generation。 3. C 根据句意及常识，缺乏睡眠容易使人情绪化, 不容易控制自己的情绪，可推断出填control。

48. Lead author Rob, a psychologist at McGill University, describes in the Science a study in which he either added or 4 healthy children aged 7 to 11 of one hour of sleep a night over five nights. 4. A. increased B. reduced C. departed D. obtained 4. B 由句中的added“增加”及短语either… or,可推出填reduced“减少”。

49. His 5 , says Rob, was to see if such modest changes in the amount of sleep children get could affect their 6 . 5. A. ambition B. standard C. solution D. goal 6. A. feature B. belief C. confidence D. behavior 5. D 根据下文内容，尤其是was to see if…可知选D, goal“目的, 目标”。 6. D 下文中的had worse scores on behavior 有明确的提示，与behavior是原词复现。

50. The children’s teachers were asked to fill out a 10 item standard questionnaire to 7 the children’s attention, impulsivity, bad temper and emotional reactivity at the end of the 8 . 7. A. assess B. answer C. know D. think 8. A. night B. day C. study D. class 7. A 根据常识及句意可知, 让老师填问卷调查主要是为了评估儿童的各种情绪指数，故填assess。 8. C 根据前文的study及 questionnaire 可推断填study“研究，课题”，是原词复现。