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The figure displays S&P daily returns over the last 40 years .

The figure displays S&P daily returns over the last 40 years . Conditional variance fluctuates across time and is very persistent. Impressive amount of empirical work : Engle (1982), Bollerslev (1986), Bollerslev et al. (1988), Nelson (1991), etc.

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The figure displays S&P daily returns over the last 40 years .

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  1. The figure displays S&P dailyreturns over the last 40 years. • Conditional variance fluctuatesacross time and isvery persistent. • Impressive amount of empiricalwork: Engle (1982), Bollerslev (1986), Bollerslev et al. (1988), Nelson (1991), etc. • Mele (2008): close connectionbetweenaggregate stock marketvolatility and the business cycle. • The figure depicts the relation betweenvolatility and the industrial production growth rate over the last sixtyyears. • Stock volatilityislargelycountercyclical, beinglarger in bad times than in good times.

  2. B A Investor A estimates the parameterswithbias Investor B estimates the parameterscorrectly

  3. B A Investor A estimates the parameterswithbias Investor B estimates the parameterscorrectly Filter (Kalman-Bucy) => Difference of beliefs :

  4. LinearQuadratic Setup Cheng & Scaillet (MF, 2007) Transforminto a Standard Affine Setup Duffie (2008) Obtain a System of Riccati Equations Enders & Schmidtmann (1992) Solve by Embeddinginto a MatrixRiccati Equation Radon’sLemma Transforminto a Linear Cauchy Problem Polyanin & Zaitsev (2003) MatrixExponential Solution Jordan Decomposition Closed-Form Solution

  5. 0.13 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.075 3

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