Global Compacts: Building a Better World for All

1. Global Compacts: Building a Better World for All Vinay Bhargava Global Issues Seminar Series June 22, 2006

2. Global Compacts Build on Successes and Challenges of Last Decades Successes • Agricultural productivity- • Science and technological progress • Elimination of certain diseases (smallpox, river blindness) • Increase inliteracy rates in developing countries • Advances in Education • Rise in incomes per capita • China, Hungary, India, Ireland, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Thailand • Boom in international trade • End of Colonialism • Spread of Democracy, free media, and civil liberties

3. Global Compacts Build on Successes and Challenges of Last Decades Challenges: • Out of 6 billion people, 1 billion have 80 % of the world’s income-other 5 billion have the remaining 20 %. • Nearly half this world lives on under $2 per day. • One billion people have no access to clean water. • Over 100 million children never get the chance to go to school. • More than 40 million people in the developing countries are HIV positive. • The average US or Canadian citizen uses 9 times more energy than the average person in China. • Forest are being cut down relentlessly. • Oceans are warming and fish stock is being depleted. • More than 2 billion people will be added to the planet's population – most of them born into poverty.

4. Global Compacts for the 21st Century • The Millennium Declaration-UN Millennium Summit, New York, (September 6-8, 2000) • The Doha Declaration on Trade- Fourth Ministerial Conference of the WTO, Doha, Qatar, (November 9-14, 2001) • The Monterrey Declaration on Financing for Development-International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, (March 18-22, 2002) • The Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development- World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, (August 26–September 4, 2002)

5. What is Inside the Global Compacts ? • Shared values, principles, objectives • Recognition that a better world for all requires global partnerships • Respective actions that developing and developed countries are committed to take • Monitorable targets and progress review mechanisms • Partnerships

6. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) • GOAL 1 ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER • TARGET 1 Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day • TARGET 2 Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger • GOAL 2 ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION • TARGET 3 Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling • GOAL 3 PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN • TARGET 4 Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and at all levels of education no later than 2015 • GOAL 4 REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY • TARGET 5 Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

7. …MDGsContinued • GOAL 5 IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH • TARGET 6 Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio • GOAL 6 COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA, AND OTHER DISEASES • TARGET 7 Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS • TARGET 8 Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases • GOAL 7 ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY • TARGET 9 Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources • TARGET 10 Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation • TARGET 11 Have achieved a significant improvement by 2020 in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers • GOAL 8 DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT

8. Doha Declaration on Trade • Calls for the establishment of a market-oriented and fair trading system through • fundamental reform in agriculture trade • market access for non-agricultural products • IPR regime supportive of public health objectives • Recognizes explicitly the special needs of developing countries • enhanced market access • balanced rules • strengthening special and differential treatment provisions • difficulties in implementing Uruguay Round commitments • capacity building in support of negotiations • technical assistance through the Integrated Framework

9. Monterrey Consensus on Development Financing • Signaled Importance of Quantity and Quality of Aid • Prompted the pledging of additional ODA of $18.5bn per year to be fully phased in by 2006 • Stressed need to create an enabling domestic environment to mobilize domestic resources • Called for more effective ODA (harmonization, untying, poverty focus, result orientation, PRSP ownership) • Recognized urgent need to strengthen inter-institutional collaboration • Interactions between ECOSOC and Bank/IMF Boards on follow up • UN, BWI and WTO to address issues of coherence, coordination and cooperation

10. World Summit On Sustainable Development • Acknowledged that enhanced efforts in Water, Energy, Health, Agriculture and Biodiversity (WEHAB) would be needed • Recognized the special needs of Africa • Recognized that existing production and consumption patterns could not be continued • Called for companies to strengthen their Corporate Social Responsibility • Led to the announcement of 280 partnership proposals – 50 proposals for World Bank involvement

11. Significance of the Global Agenda Historic Common Ground: • International community has set clear and measurable international development goals-MDG, Monterrey,WSSD • Agreement that additional financing from donors will be needed for helping achieve these goals. This reverses the decline in real terms for ODA over the last 20 years. • Mutual obligations of the developed and developing countries have been spelled out in the declarations. • Civil society, youth and other non-state actors have been more closely integrated into global decision making- new multilateralism. But not everyone is thrilled…

12. How are the global compacts doing 5 years later? • The 2005 U.N. World Summit • Global Monitoring Reports 2005 and 2006 • Civil Society Initiatives

13. The Consequences of Failure to Achieve Set Goals • The cost of not meeting MDGs, in terms of lives lost and opportunities forgone, would be far greater then cost of meeting them. • Without faster progress, the MDGs will be seriously jeopardized—especially Sub-Saharan Africa. • Only in Ghana and Madagascar are poverty rates meeting MDG poverty targets.

14. For more information please visit… • U.N. Millennium Summit webpage www.un.org/millennium/index.html • WTO page on ministerial conferences www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/minist_e.htm • World Bank page on global monitoring www.worldbank.org/globalmonitoring • International Conference on Financing for Development www.un.org/esa/ffd • World Summit on Sustainable Development www.johannesburgsummit.org • U.N. World Summit 2005- www.un.org/summit2005/index.html • Global Call for Action Against Poverty- www.whiteband.org • G-8 Gleneagles Summit- www.g8.gov.uk