Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering

1. Faculty ofComputer Science & Engineering Chapter 01. Introduction to Wireless LANs

2. Objectives • The Wireless LAN Market • History of Wireless LANs • Today’s Wireless LAN Standards • Define the roles of the organizations -FCC (The Federal Communications Commission) - IEEE - Wi-Fi Alliance • Identify some of the uses for spread spectrum technologies • - Wireless LANs, PANs, MANs, and WANs

3. Objectives • Applications of Wireless LANs • Access Role • Network Extension • Building-to-Building Connectivityxtension • Last Mile Data Delivery • Mobility • Small Office-Home Office • Advantages and Disadvantages of WLAN

4. The Wireless LAN Market • The market for wireless LANs seems to be evolving in a similar fashion to the networking industry • The big difference between LAN and WLAN • Wireless LANs allow so many flexibilities in their implementation

5. History of Wireless LANs • The military needed a simple, easily implemented, and secure method of exchanging data in a combat environment.

6. Today’s Wireless LAN Standards • Wireless LANs transmit using radio frequencies • The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates the use of wireless LAN devices. • Wireless LAN Standards are created and maintained by the Institute of Electrical andElectronic Engineers (IEEE). • Following wireless LAN standards: • 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11b+ • 802.11g, 802.11h

7. Today’s Wireless LAN Standards • IEEE 802.11 was born 1997 • Standard beginning of WLAN • Use in both Spread Spectrum Technology FHSS and DSSS • Bandwith max is 2 Mbps • Frequency band 2,4 Ghz ISM

8. Today’s Wireless LAN Standards • IEEE 802.11 a • Open of 802.11 standard • Provides data rates up to 54 Mbps • Frequency band 5 Ghz UNII • Use tecnology Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ( OFDM ). • Non-overlapping 8 channel

9. Today’s Wireless LAN Standards • IEEE 802.11 b • Open of 802.11 standard • Uses high-rate direct-sequence spread spectrum (HR/DSSS) instead of the original DSSS. • Provides data rates up to 11 Mbps • Frequency band 2,4 Ghz ISM • Non-overlapping 3 channel • IEEE 802.11 b+ • Provides data rates up to 22 Mbps

10. Today’s Wireless LAN Standards • IEEE 802.11 g • Open of 802.11b standard • Use tecnology Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ( OFDM ). & DSSS • Provides data rates up to 11 Mbps  54 Mbps • Frequency band 2,4 Ghz ISM

11. Today’s Wireless LAN Standards

12. Roles Organizations PlayWithin the WLAN Industry • There are three primary categories of organizations that guide the wireless industry. These categories include regulation, standardization, and compatibility • The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an example of regulatory bodies. • The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an example of a standards development organization • The Wi-Fi Alliance is a compatibility testing and certification group

13. FCC (The Federal Communications Commission • WLAN devices use radio wave communications, they fall under the regulatory control of the FCC. • The factors regulated by the FCC include: ■ Radio frequencies available ■ Output power levels ■ Indoor and outdoor usage

14. FCC (The Federal Communications Commission • The FCC regulates which frequencies may be used within the regulatory domain it manages • The FCC provides two types of license-free bands for radio communications: the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) bands and the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) bands. • 2.4 GHz ISM, U-NII bands exist in the 5 GHz frequency range . They are all used by IEEE 802.11

15. IEEE • The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers • The IEEE developed standards that impact and benefit wireless networking. • These standards include wireless specific standards as well as standards that have been implemented in the wired networking domain, which are now being utilized in the wireless networking domain.

16. IEEE

17. Wi-Fi Alliance The Wi-Fi Alliance is a certification organization that provides testing and interoperability analysis for the wireless industry. While the FCC makes the rules and the IEEE determines how to live within those rules, the Wi-Fi Alliance ensures that devices are compatible with the IEEE’s way of implementing WLAN technology. Only products of Alliance members that have been tested successfully by the Wi-Fi Alliance are actually allowed to claim that they are Wi-Fi Certified.

18. Spread Spectrum Technology Uses • Spread spectrum technology is used in multiple ways that can be organized within four primary categories: wireless LANs, wireless PANs (WPANs), wireless MANs (WMANs) and wireless WANs.

19. Wireless LANs • Activities in Circle 200 m • There are three primary roles that wireless LANs play in today’s enterprise organizations: • Access role • Distribution role • Core role

20. Wireless PANs • A wireless PAN (personal area network) provides hands-free connectivity and communications within a confined range and limited throughput capacity. • Bluetooth is a perfect example of a wireless PAN technology that is both beneficial and in widespread use. • Operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, Bluetooth technologies can cause interference with wireless LAN technologies like DSSS, HR/DSSS, and ERP.

21. Wireless MANs • WiMAX is the most commonly referenced wireless MAN technology • WiMAX is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard and provides expected throughput of approximately 40 Mbps for fixed, line of sight connections and approximately 15 Mbps for mobile, non–line of sight connections

22. Wireless MANs • Was born in October, 2001 • Operating in the 2- 66 GHz band • Operating in the 2-11 Ghz at Europe • Operating in the 3.5 Ghz for Mobie • Operating in the 10-66 for Fixed points

23. Wireless WANs • What is the WAN ?

24. Wireless WANs

25. Wireless WANs • WAN services ?

26. Wireless WANs • Integrated Services Digital Network • Packet-Switched • Frame Relay • Cell –Switched • Switch ATM

27. WLAN,WPAN,WMAN,WWAN

28. Applications of Wireless LANs • Access Role • Network Extension • Building-to-Building Connectivityxtension • Last Mile Data Delivery • Mobility • Small Office-Home Office

29. Applications of Wireless LANs • Corporate Data Access and End-User Mobility

30. Applications of Wireless LANs • Network Extension

31. Applications of Wireless LANs • Building-to-Building Connectivity: Bridging

32. Applications of Wireless LANs • Last-Mile Data Delivery: Wireless ISP

33. Applications of Wireless LANs • Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) Use

34. Applications of Wireless LANs • Mobile Office Networking • Educational/Classroom Use

35. Advantages of WLAN • Mobility is primary advantage of wireless technology • Easier and Less Expensive Installation: Installing network cabling in older buildings difficult and costly • Increased Reliability

36. Disadvantages of WLAN • Security: Wireless signals broadcast in open air • Security for wireless LANs is the prime concern • Unauthorized users might access network • Attackers might view transmitted data • Employees could install rogue access points • Attackers could easily crack existing wireless security • Radio Signal Interference: Signals from other devices can disrupt wireless transmissions • Health Risks: Wireless devices emit RF energy

37. Summary • Review OSI, Protocol, IP Private, IP Public • Dynamic IP, Static IP • Enthenet 802.3 • Today’s Wireless LAN Standards • 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b+, 802.11g, 802.11h • Infracstructure WLAN, WPAN, WMAN, WWAN

38. Summary • Roles Organizations Play Within the WLAN Industry • The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an example of regulatory bodies • The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an example of a standards development organization • The Wi-Fi Alliance is a compatibility testing and certification group