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The software tool STORYBUILDER and the analysis of the horrible stories of occupational accidents

The software tool STORYBUILDER and the analysis of the horrible stories of occupational accidents. Dr Linda J. Bellamy White Queen, NL Prof. Dr Ben Ale TU Delft, NL Dr. Julius Y. Whiston, WCL Ltd, UK Ir. Martijn Mud, RPS Advies , NL, Ir. Hans Baksteen , RIVM, NL,

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The software tool STORYBUILDER and the analysis of the horrible stories of occupational accidents

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  1. The software tool STORYBUILDER and the analysis of the horrible stories of occupational accidents Dr Linda J. Bellamy White Queen, NL Prof. Dr Ben Ale TU Delft, NL Dr. Julius Y. Whiston, WCL Ltd, UK Ir. Martijn Mud, RPS Advies, NL, Ir. Hans Baksteen, RIVM, NL, Prof. Andrew R, Hale, TU Delft, NL Dr Ioannis A. Papazoglou, Demokritos, GR Anneke Bloemhoff, Consumer Safety Institute, NL Martin Damen, RIGO Research & Consultancy ir. Joy I.H. Oh, Ministry of Social Affairs, NL

  2. What is storybuilder? • Developed for WORM project – • Workgroup Occupational Risk Model • ORM models practically all occupational risks • ORM needs accident and exposure data • Storybuilder is a graphical based tool developed specially for WORM • Captures and represent accident sequence events of ALL occupational accident types

  3. Horrible Stories • 12500 detailed accident reports of Dutch Labour Inspectorate • 1998 – Feb 2004 • Reportable under the Dutch law: • Death (within 1 year), permanent injury, in-patient treatment in hospital within 24 hours. • Around 10,000 accidents modelled in 35 Storybuilds • Some storybuilds contain more than 1000 accidents • e.g. fall from ladder has 1057 scenarios with 1061 victims • 5 person years of effort

  4. 01.1.1 Fall from height - ladder & steps 01.1.2 Fall from height – scaffold 01.1.3 Fall from height - roof/platform/floor 01.1.4 Fall from height - hole in the ground 01.1.5.1 Fall from height - moveable platform 01.1.5.2 Fall from height - non-moving vehicle 01.1.5.3 Fall from height - other 01.2 Fall on same level 01.3 Fall down stairs or ramp 02 Struck by moving vehicle 03.1 Contact with falling object – crane related 03.2 Contact with falling objects –not cranes 04 Contact with flying object 05 Hit by rolling/sliding object or person 06 Contact with object person is carrying or using 07 Contact with hand held tools operated by self 08.1 Contact with moving parts of a machine 08.2 Contact with hanging/ swinging objects 08.3 Trapped between/against 09 Moving into an object 10 Buried by bulk mass 11 In or on moving vehicle with loss of control 12 Contact with electricity 13 Contact with extreme hot or cold surfaces or open flame 14.1 Release of hazardous substance out of open containment 14.2 Exposure to hazardous substance without Loss of Containment 15 Release of a hazardous substance out of closed containment 17 Fire 20.1 Victim of human aggression 20.2 Victim of animal behaviour 22.1 Exposure to hazardous atmosphere in confined space 22.2 Exposure to hazardous atmosphere through breathing apparatus 23 Impact by immersion in liquid 25 Extreme muscular exertion 27 Explosion Storybuilds made

  5. Storybuilder functionality • Captures detailed cause and effect data • Shows: • stories • structure • frequencies • Gives flexibility to the builder and to the analyst

  6. Early version • Building rules

  7. CONSEQUENCES Drowning Broken legs Squashed fingers Cut hands Hook in eye Contaminated cut We want data on… Why: The challenge of smart cod INHERENT HAZARDS Slippery surfaces Moving equipment Boat movements Working with hooks and knives Factors affecting Conditional Probabilities Being in rough sea Attention Personal protection Overloading Rhythm of work Hurrying (time pressures) Tidiness of boats Radio Type of fish Seaworthiness of boat

  8. Evolution to current version: • We built in functions required by project e.g. • coding, • export/ import, • double count prevention (path can only pass once through a box) • ..and functions requested by builders e.g. • scaling, • fonts, • path search, • copy and paste, • move…

  9. Graphical structure with paths Data export Path names Path search (Boolean syntax) through structure It now looks like this:

  10. Left hand side (zoom out, collapsed structure)

  11. Right hand side (zoom out, collapsed structure)

  12. Complete structure showing single path

  13. Building Codes and Rules (1) • Every box has a name, a box number and a code E.g. • Barrier failure mode (BFM) • Loss of control event (LCE) • Dose determing factor (DDF) • Injury type (INJT)

  14. GROUND RULE: No assumptions shall be made with respect to any Barrier state or Loss of Control Event. Only what is specified in the report should be specified in the accident Storybuilds Rule 6 If the Loss of Control Event (LCE) occurs the associated barrier is in the failed state. If a barrier is given in the failed state one of the associated LCE's has to occur. Building Codes and Rules (2)

  15. Example definition: Barrier • Definition 3: • A barrier is a physical entity (object, state, or condition) that acts as an obstacle in an accident path. Note that actions can not be barriers. Actions can create a barrier or restore its functionality. • Typical Barrier Functions are: • Prevent presence, build-up, or release of the hazardous agent/ energy • Separates hazardous agent/ energy in space (safe distance) or time (safe moment) • Prevents the undesired transmission of energy/ hazardous agents • Prevents incompatibility of materials • Prevents unsafe process conditions (pertains to sequence, temperature, pressure, composition) • Prevents unsafe physical conditions (pertains to structural integrity, strength, stability)

  16. Example of Storybuilding rule for allocating an accident to a barrier task

  17. Building the structure

  18. Causes and counts

  19. Right hand side of centre event

  20. Further detail – Management of machine guarding

  21. Incidental factors As much detail as possible is captured e.g. Here are factors which may have contributed to loss of grip causing a person to slip

  22. Following one horrible story (Fire) Contaminated overalls catch fire

  23. Causal sequence

  24. ..cont. to centre event (Fire)

  25. RHS Dose determining factors

  26. Consequences

  27. Path search function • In order to analyze the structures Storybuilder has path search and path export functionality which makes it easier to analyze the data

  28. Statistics • Can be generated for path search selections • Or for complete storybuild

  29. Exported data: example Victim activities for contact moving parts of fixed machine

  30. How have the data been used? • In the ORM model to assist in defining logical structures • For the accident component in the risk calculation • To generate previously unavailable facts and figures data on causes and effects of occupational accidents

  31. Summary • Storybuilds capture ALL known causes of Dutch reportable accidents • The models can assist in understanding how "horrible stories" occur • The models can be used for identifying the dominant conditions which give rise to accidents • Policy makers, inspectors and company safety personnel can use these structures in e.g. accident investigation • Coupled with ORM a powerful tool for understanding occupational risks

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