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Understanding Meiosis: Chromatid and Homologous Chromosome Concepts

Dive into the fascinating world of meiosis and chromosome structure. This introduction covers key concepts like the unwinding of chromatin during interphase, the role of sister chromatids during prophase and metaphase, and the significance of homologous pairs in genetics. Explore how you inherit chromosomes from both parents, resulting in similar yet distinct traits. Learn the differences between diploid and haploid cells, including their formation and functions in somatic and reproductive processes. Discover the critical role of genes and genetic variation in shaping traits like hair color.

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Understanding Meiosis: Chromatid and Homologous Chromosome Concepts

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  1. Intro to Meiosis

  2. Chromatin Unwound, stringy In interphase Chromatids ½ of a replicated chromosome In Prophase, Metaphase Chromosome After the sisters split in Anaphase, they are separate chromosomes (until they unwind into chromatin again) Remember your DNA lingo…

  3. Let’s look more closely at a chromosome… • Genes are pieces of chromosomes that code for a protein/trait. There are different versions that create different traits (ex- hair color)

  4. Homologues • You have 23 pairs of chromosomes. In each pair you received one from your mom and one from your dad. Each pair is similar, but not exactly alike…we call them • HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS Note that the chromosomes have the gene in the same place, but different versions of it. (one may be for brown hair, one for blonde)

  5. Do NOT confuse these with sister chromatids • Chromatids are exact copies of each other made by replication • Homologous pairs are similar chromosomes that are the result of fertilization

  6. 1m 1p 1m 1m 1p 1p Sister chromatids -exact copies connected by a centromere Homologous Pairs similar copies of a chromosome One maternal, one paternal or

  7. Haploid vs. Diploid • DIPLOID CELLS: have two copies of each chromosome (one from mom AND one from dad) • Has the homologous pairs • Somatic cells (body cells) • Made by mitosis or fertilization • “2n” • In this picture, what is “n”? • n=2

  8. Diploid vs. Haploid • Haploid cells:Have only ONE copy of each chromosome. • NO HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS present • Gametes (sex cells: egg and sperm) • Made by MEIOSIS • “1n”

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