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The southern interior: raiders and the emergence of the Sotho Kingdom

The southern interior: raiders and the emergence of the Sotho Kingdom. The role of the raiders. There were three types of raiders Boer raiders were Frontier farmers from the Cape Colony They raided areas outside the borders of the colony

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The southern interior: raiders and the emergence of the Sotho Kingdom

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  1. The southern interior: raiders and the emergence of the Sotho Kingdom

  2. The role of the raiders • There were three types of raiders • Boer raiders were Frontier farmers from the Cape Colony • They raided areas outside the borders of the colony • They captured San women and children and forced them to work at the farms • In 1828 British colonial troops and the frontier farmers attacked an area west of present-day Umtata, and seized cattle and people whom they forced to work as labourers

  3. Were groups of Khoisan and Tswana who had lost their land and livestock • They were joined by runaway slaves and other deserters from the Cape Colony • They obtained guns, horses and livestock from raids on settler farms • They also attacked chiefdoms in the areas north of the Orange River • 1828 and in 1834 the Kora leader Jan Blum raided the Ndebele kingdom and captured cattle Kora Or Korana Raiders

  4. Were herders of Khoi and mixed descent who occupied Namaqualand and areas near the Orange River • Some settled on mission stations at Griquatown • Others raided settled farming areas in the interior throughout the 1820s. The Griqua Raiders

  5. The emergence of the Sotho kingdom under Moshoeshoe and his relationship with his neighbours • Caledon Valley in 1820 was badly effected by the raiders • Leaders offered people in the area protection • Moeshoeshoe was the most successful he and his followers lived on a mountain called Thaba Bosiu • To get cattle for followers he raided other groups mostly the Tembu • As his kingdom grew whole chiefdoms joined him for protection • The Sotho kingdom did not have amabutho instead he gave his followers cattle in return for their loyalty it was known as a mafisa system • Smaller chiefdoms that joined had a certain amount of independence to run their own affairs

  6. He did not try to confront powerful states, he sent gifts to shaka and in return he got Zulu support • He bought horses and guns in the cape colony he was able to defat a raid • The power of the Basotho kingdom under Moshoeshoewas based on multiculturalism • He included people from different cultures • He incorporated refugees into his kingdom • He made sure each chiefs area included people from different cultural backgrounds: Basotho, Tswane speakers, people of Nguni origin, San, Kora and Griqua • The people kept their own customs but paid tribute to moshoeshoe as a leader • He encouraged missionaries to his kingdom • He welcomed them as a source of support, because of this he was able to establish good contact with them

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