Ch 14 Psychological Disorders

1. Ch 14 Psychological Disorders

2. Abnormal • Frequently occurring behavior would be normal • Something that goes against the norms or standards of society • A person can go against the norm and not be abnormal • Issues in life • Subjective discomfort • Maladaptive • Socio cultural perspective • Cultural bound syndrome

3. How to determine an issue • Is behavior unusual • Does it go against social norm • Does the behavior cause the person significant discomfort • Is the behavior dangerous to self or others • Two or more is a classification as a psychological disorder • People have a right to be different

4. DSM IV TR • 1952 the first edition was published • We are on the fifth edition • 250 different disorders • Symptoms • Path of progression • Checklist of criteria • Divides disorders into categories or axes

5. 5 Axis • Axis I – Clinical Disorder • Axis II – Personality Disorder that may accompany Clinical Disorder • Axis III- Physical Disorders • Axis IV - Life adjustment issues • Axis V – GAF Score, Global Assessment of Functioning • 0-100 Scale, a certain level is needed to be in hospital

6. Pros and Cons of labeling • Develop a common language • Able to get resources and insurance • Stigma • May give a person a crutch

7. Anxiety Disorders • Phobias – irrational, persistent fear of an abject, situation, or social activity • Social Phobias – fear of interacting with others or social situations • Specific Phobias – fear of objects or specific situations or events • Agoraphobia – fear of being in a place or situation • Panic – panic attacks occur frequently enough to cause difficulty in a person’s life • Panic attack – sudden onset of intense panic, multiple physical symptoms occur and a person might feel as if they are dying

8. Anxiety Disorders • OCD – intruding, recurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing repetitive behavior • PTSD – disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, dissociation, poor sleep, and poor concentration lasting more than a month • Typical with veterans/domestic violence victims • Acute Stress Disorder – last for 4 weeks after a traumatic event

9. Anxiety Disorders • Generalized Anxiety Disorder – a person has feelings of dread and doom along with physical symptoms of stress • No real external source • Occurs most days in a 6 month period • Worry excessively about money, health, friends, family • May occur with Depression

10. Causes of Anxiety Disorders • Learned behaviors/feelings • Irrational thought processes Magnification – interpreting things are far more serious than they • All or nothing thought process • Overgeneralization • Minimization • Biological factors

11. Mood Disorder • Major Depression – severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external causes, or too severe for current issues • Most common diagnosed mood disorder • Most of the day in depression • Suicidal thoughts • Bipolar Disorder – severe mood swing between major depressive and manic episodes • Manic episode – excessive excitement, energy, and elation • Cycle of up and down moods

12. Causes of Mood Disorder • Genetics • Behaviorists – learned helplessness • Distorted thinking • Self defeating thoughts about themselves • Certain times of year – Seasonal Affective Disorder

13. Eating Disorders • Anorexia Nervosa – reducing eating to the point that a weight loss of 15 percent below expected body weight • Causes major health issues, heart thyroid, hormones • Obsessed with exercise • They will also throw up or take laxatives • Hospitalization will be required for treatment • Bulimia – a cycle of binging or overeating at one sitting and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain • Purging – vomiting or misuse of laxatives • Binge may be triggered by a stress in life, then the person is not able to stop, they have no self control • Health consequences • Hospitalization will be required for treatment

14. Causes of eating disorders • Biological • History of abuse • Need for some control in life • Perfection

15. Dissociative disorder • Dissociative - break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or a combination • Amnesia – loss of memory of personal information, partial or complete • Fugue – traveling away from familiar surroundings, forgetting trip as well as potential personal info • Dissociative identify disorder – when a person has one or more different personalities • “Core” personality • Has been criticized as not true

16. Causes of DID • Repression of threatening or unacceptable thoughts • Person may feel guilty or shame of who they are and have negative thoughts on them selves • Avoid the thoughts by going somewhere else • Person may “develop” it to gain attention, get away with behaviors

17. schizophrenia • Symptoms • Disordered thinking • Bizarre behavior • Hallucinations • Inability to distinguish between fantasy and reality • Delusions – false beliefs about the world • Persecution – others are trying to hurt them • Reference – famous people are talking to them • Influence – controlled by outside forces • Grandeur – they are powerful • Hallucinations – hear or see things or people that are not real

18. Schizophrenia • Categories • Disorganized • Confused in speech • Vivid and frequent hallucinations • Unable to function in daily life • Catatonic • May not move at all • Does not respond to the outside world • Paranoid • Hallucinations • Delusions • Persecution • Grandeur • Jealousy

19. Causes of schizophrenia • Biological • Genetic • Brain defect • A person may have schizophrenia and a traumatic event may bring the symptoms out

20. Personality disorders • Affects the person’s whole life adjustment • The disorder is the personality of the person, not one aspect of it. • Difficult to change • Antisocial personality disorder • No morals or conscience and is often impulsive • Socio paths/ serial killers • The person that cheats there way through schoolor work and has no regard for who they may hurt along the way • Borderline personality • Person is moody, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to other

21. Causes of Personality disorders • Learned • Genetics • Abuse • Disturbances in family relationships