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Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders. Modules 46 - 49. Symptoms of Anxiety. Anxiety Disorders. Panic Disorder Period of intense dread in which a person experiences terror & symptoms similar to a heart attack Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

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Psychological Disorders

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  1. Psychological Disorders Modules 46 - 49

  2. Symptoms of Anxiety

  3. Anxiety Disorders • Panic Disorder • Period of intense dread in which a person experiences terror & symptoms similar to a heart attack • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) • person is tense, apprehensive, & in a state of constant arousal (fight or flight) • Phobias • persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation

  4. Phobic Disorders

  5. Anxiety Disorders, cont. • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) • unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) • Re-experiencing the traumatic event • Emotional numbing • Hypervigilance and chronic arousal • “Survival Guilt”

  6. Anxiety Disorders, cont. • Theories • Biological • Neurotransmitters • Cognitive • Treatment • Biological • Drug therapy • Antianxiety: Benzodiazepines • Antidepressants: tricyclic & SSRIs • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

  7. Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) • a person exhibits 2 or more distinct & alternating personalities • Dissociative Fugue • The person moves away and assumes a new identity, with amnesia for the previous identity • Dissociative Amnesia • Person loses memory of important personal facts, including personal identity, for no apparent organic cause • Depersonalization Disorder • People with this disorder have frequent episodes in which they feel detached from their own mental processes or bodies, as if they are outside observers of themselves

  8. Dissociative Disorders, cont. • Theories • Extreme Stress • Treatment • Psychotherapy • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy • Biological • Antidepressants or antianxiety medication if needed

  9. Somatoform Disorders • Conversion Disorder • Loss of functioning in some part of the body for psychological rather than physical reasons • Malingering • Deliberate faking of physical symptoms to avoid an unpleasant situation, such as military duty • Hypochondriasis • Chronic worry that one has a physical disease in the absence of evidence that one does; frequently seek medical attention • Factitious Disorder/by proxy • Deliberate faking of physical illness to gain medical attention • Munchausen’s Syndrome • Theory • Stress is the common factor

  10. Mood Disorders • Major Depression • a person, for no apparent reason, experiences 2 or more weeks of depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, & diminished interest/pleasure in most activities (anhedonia) • Subtypes • Melancholic • Psychotic • Postpartum • Seasonal • Atypical • Catatonic

  11. Mood Disorders, cont. • Bipolar Disorder I and II • A person alternates between the hopelessness & lethargy of depression & the overexcited state of mania • Bipolar I • More severe episodes of mania • Bipolar II • Episodes of hypomania

  12. Mood Disorders, cont. • Theories • Biological • Genetics • Neurotransmitters • Psychological • Cognitive • Behavioral

  13. Mood Disorders, cont. • Treatment • Biological • Antidepressants • ECT • Light therapy • Lithium (Bipolar) • Cognitive-Behavioral

  14. Personality Disorders • Divided into 3 categories • Cluster A: Odd-Eccentric (Schizophrenic Spectrum) • Paranoid • Schizoid • Schizotypal • Cluster B: Dramatic-Emotional • Narcissistic • Histrionic • Borderline • Antisocial • Cluster C: Anxious-Fearful • Dependent • Avoidant • Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)

  15. Schizophrenia • Paranoid • Undifferentiated • Catatonic • Disorganized • Residual Each are about 40% of all diagnosed schizophrenics

  16. Schizophrenia, cont. • Symptoms • Positive/Type I • Delusions • Hallucinations • Disorganized Thought and Speech • Disorganized or Catatonic Behavior • Negative/Type II • Affective Flattening (or Blunted Affect) • Alogia • Avolition

  17. Schizophrenia, cont. • Theories • Biological • Genetic Theories • Structural Brain Abnormalities • Birth Complications & Prenatal Viral Exposure • Neurotransmitter Theories • Psychological • Treatments • Biological • Cognitive-Behavioral • Social

  18. Schizophrenia

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