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Understanding Acid-Base Balance in the Human Body

Explore how respiratory and renal systems regulate hydrogen ions to maintain pH balance, and learn about acidosis and alkalosis causes, symptoms, and corrections.

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Understanding Acid-Base Balance in the Human Body

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  1. RESPIRATORY CENTER STIMULATED BY CO2 IN CNS AND H+ IN CSF INCREASING DEPTH AND RATE OF BREATHING TO ?

  2. RENAL EXCRETION OF HYDROGEN IONS • SECRETED BY ? • ALSO REABSORB BICARBONATE WHY? • IN URINE PHOSPHATES AND AMMONIA BUFFER H+ • H+ + NH3  NH4+

  3. REGULATION OF HYDROGEN IONS • FIRST LINE: BUFFER SYSTEMS BECAUSE ? • SECOND LINE: PHYSIOLOGICAL BUFFERS: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (MIN) AND RENAL MECHANISM (UP TO A FEW DAYS)

  4. ACIDOSIS • ACCUMULATION OF ____________ OR LOSS OF ______________ • RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS = INCREASE OF _______________ • METABOLIC ACIDOSIS IS ?

  5. ACIDOSIS CAUSED BY • KIDNEY DISEASE • EXCESSIVE VOMITTING (STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINES) • PROLONGED DIARRHEA • DIABETES MELLITUS

  6. ACIDOSIS CORRECTIONS • BUFFER SYSTEMS • INCREASED BREATHING • KIDNEYS SECRETE H+

  7. ALKALOSIS • IS ? • CAUSED BY HYPERVENTILATION • WHICH DEPLETES ? • COUNTERACTED BY? • PROTEIN BUFFERS (HEMOGLOBIN) HELP • RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DECREASES • KIDNEYS SECRETE LESS H+

  8. ALKALOSIS • RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS FROM ? • METABOLIC ALKALOSIS FROM ? • RESPIRATORY FROM: • INJURY TO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • OBSTRUCTION OF AIR TO ALVEOLI • DISEASES LIKE PNEUMONIA, EMPHYSEMA

  9. ALKALOSIS • CAUSED BY ? • GASTRIC DRAINAGE • PROLONGED VOMITTING (STOMACH) • DIURETIC DRUGS

  10. ALKALOSIS SYMPTOMS • DECREASED BREATHING RATE & DEPTH

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