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Verbs and Verbals

Verbs and Verbals. Infinitives, Gerunds, and Participles. Finite and Conjugated Verbs. Conjugated verbs Verbs in predicates conjugated or formed into tenses, moods, aspects, and voices Finite verbs Non-conjugated verbs Infinitives, Gerunds, or Participles. Verbals are “part verb”.

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Verbs and Verbals

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  1. Verbs and Verbals Infinitives, Gerunds, and Participles

  2. Finite and Conjugated Verbs • Conjugated verbs • Verbs in predicates conjugated or formed into tenses, moods, aspects, and voices • Finite verbs • Non-conjugated verbs • Infinitives, Gerunds, or Participles

  3. Verbals are “part verb” • As “part-verb” structures, they retain all of the verb qualities • They may be modified by adverbs • They may take subjects, objects and complements • They may be negated • They may have tenses and/or voices

  4. Infinitives • Infinitives are the base form of the verb (+ “to”) • To go to class on a beautiful, sunny day is not fun. • “To go to class on a beautiful, sunny day” is the infinitive phrase • “to class” is an adverbial prepositional phrase inside that infinitive phrase and modifying the infinitive “To go” • “on a beautiful, sunny day” is an adverbial prepositional phrase inside that infinitive phrase and modifying the infinitive “To go” • The infinitive phrase is acting as a noun and is the subject of the verb “is” in this pattern 2 sentence.

  5. Functions of the Infinitive • Infinitives may act as adverbs • modifying verbs • To fixthe election, Jones named his wife to the commission. • “To fix the election” is an adverb modifying “named” • “the election” is the direct object of the infinitive “To fix” • as adjectives • modifying nouns • and as nouns • subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, subject complements, object complements, appositives

  6. Gerunds • Gerunds are the “ing” form of the verb • Gerunds only act as nouns in sentences • My doctor labels dieting without exercise as the worst possible choice. • “dieting without exercise” is the gerund phrase • “dieting” is the gerund • “without exercise” is an adjectival prepositional phrase modifying that gerund “dieting” • The entire gerund phrase is the direct object of “labels” in this pattern 10 sentence in which “worst possible choice” is the object complement renaming “dieting without exercise”

  7. Present Participles (not in conjugated verbs!) • Present Participles are also the “ing” form of the verb • Present participles are always active voice • Present participles only act as adjectives. • We live by a running brook. • “running” is the present participle modifying the noun “brook” that is the object of the preposition “by” in this pattern 6 sentence.

  8. Past Participles (not in conjugated verbs!) • Past Participles are the “en” or “ed” form of the verb • Past Participles are always passive voice • Past Participles only act as adjectives • Runoff her feet by the children, Ann slept. • The entire participle phrase “Runoff her feet by the children” modifies “Ann” • The two adverbial prepositional phrases “off her feet” and “by the children” both modify the past participle “Run”

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