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Immigrant Journeys: Hardships and Hopes in America Until 1880

Discover the struggles and dreams of old and new immigrants to America until 1880. Learn why they left their homelands, endured tough conditions, and faced Americanization challenges. Explore the influence of political machines, the harsh realities of immigrant work, and the nativist responses shaping early immigrant experiences.

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Immigrant Journeys: Hardships and Hopes in America Until 1880

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  1. 15.2- The New Immigrants

  2. A. The Lure of America -Until 1880- old immigrants- Protestants from NW Europe -New immigrants S or E Europe (Catholic, Jewish, Greek Orthodox) -Why did they come? Leave poverty or persecution (religious or political) new beginning, $, heard stories “Land of Opportunity”. Etc. -But it was a hard trip. (Steerage)

  3. --Worked for low wages, poor housing conditions • --Taken advantage of/ harassed • 1. Immigrant communities- NE and MW cities - native languages (papers) and customs (churches,synagogues) - Hard “Americanization” process - Benevolent societies- help and $(support) • 2. Aid from politicians (bosses) “political machines” control elections. - Do they help out of the goodness of their heart? • NO, they need votes for office B. A new life: Conditions…What was life like?

  4. 3. The immigrant worker- dirty laborious work (low pay and long hours) • - Italian and Polish- construction • - Eastern Europeans- mines or steel mills • - French Canadians- NE textile mills • - Jewish (M&W)/Italian (W)- garment industry (sweatshop) • - Greeks and Chinese- laundries and restaurants

  5. Work cheap= lower wages for all • 1. West coast- Panic of 1873- “The Chinese must go!” kill, legal - 1882- Chinese Exclusion Act- denied importation and citizenship 2. The Immigration Restriction League 1894- literacy test, vetoed by President Cleveland 1897 C. The Nativist response- threatened by immigrantswhy?

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