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Animal Nutrition: Optimizing Health and Performance

Discover the crucial role of nutrients in animal well-being and productivity for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and more. Learn how to meet specific needs for different purposes and maximize efficiency.

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Animal Nutrition: Optimizing Health and Performance

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  1. Providing Nutrients Chapter 17

  2. Providing Nutrients • Must be healthy to function efficiently and yield maximum profits • Satisfy needs for • maintenance • growth, fattening, reproduction, lactation, egg laying, wool production, and work

  3. Maintenance • Approximately half of all feed used in • tissue repair • control of body temperature • energy for vital organ function • water balance • Feedlot animals - 30-40% • Mature - may be near 90%

  4. Body size • Maintenance for larger animals is higher • A 1000 lbs animal does not require twice as much as a 500 lbs • 500 lbs - 15 lbs feed • 1000 lbs - 25.5 lbs feed • Table 17.1

  5. Growth • Protein synthesis in excess of its breakdown • Young growing animals need high amounts of protein • Monogastric animals also need specific amino acids

  6. Growth • Calcium and phosphorus for bone growth • Iodine - goiter • Selenium -white muscle disease • Indoor animals need a source of Vitamin D

  7. Growth • Ruminants may or may not need Vit. A • Most vitamins must be supplied to pigs and poultry • Energy - • large sources Milk and grains • others grazed forages and hay

  8. Fattening • Gain from fattening more expensive than growth • 2.25 times • Usually are full-fed and high energy ration

  9. Reproduction • Gamete production • Fetal growth • Animals could be lower in fertility if • losing weight rapidly • overly fat • deficient in phosphorus • Nutrients for growing fetus greatest in the last trimester

  10. Lactation • High protein requirement • Calcium and phosphorus • Energy most vital requirement • Adequate feed during lactation helps with next conception • Dairy cow 40:60 roughage to concentrates

  11. Egg Laying • Broilers - main objective growth discussed earlier • Usually fed ad libitum or all they want • Need to have adequate concentrations of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals

  12. Wool • In addition to nutrients for maintenance, growth, and reproduction • Wool is mainly protein so need protein in diet • After shearing may need more energy to maintain body temp

  13. Work • The major component is energy for work • Horses, mules, and donkeys rely partly on perspiration to remove wastes

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