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Infinitives

Infinitives. Latin II Grammar Review: Lesson 6a. Present Active Infinitive. Form: 2 nd Principal Part Translation: To ... amo , am ā re , amavi , amatus – a, um To love habeo , hab ē re , habui , habitus – a, um To hold pono , ponere , posui , positus – a, um To place

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Infinitives

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  1. Infinitives Latin II Grammar Review: Lesson 6a

  2. Present Active Infinitive • Form: 2nd Principal Part • Translation: To ... • amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um • To love • habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, um • To hold • pono, ponere, posui, positus – a, um • To place • audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um • To hear

  3. Present Passive Infinitive • Form: 2nd Principal part, change the final “e” to an “i” (except for 3rd: change ere to an “i”) • Translation: To be ... • amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um • amāri = To be loved • habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, um • habēri = To be held • pono, ponere, posui, positus – a, um • poni = To be placed • audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um • audīri = To be heard

  4. Perfect Active Infinitive • Form: 3rd Principal Part + sse • Translation: To have ... • amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um • amavisse = To have loved • habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, um • habuisse = To have held • pono, ponere, posui, positus – a, um • posuisse = To have placed • audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um • audivisse = To have heard

  5. Perfect Passive Infinitive • Form: 4th Principal Part + esse (2 word form) • Translation: To have been ... • amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um • amatusesse = To have been loved • habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, um • habitusesse = To have been held • pono, ponere, posui, positus – a, um • positusesse = To have been placed • audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um • auditusesse = To have been heard

  6. Future Active Infinitive • Form: 4th Principal Part + urus (future active participle) and esse (2 word form) • Translation: to be about to... • amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um • amaturusesse = To be about to love • habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, um • habiturusesse = To be about to hold • pono, ponere, posui, positus – a, um • positurusesse = To be about to place • audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um • auditurusesse = To be about to hear

  7. Use of the Infinitive: Indirect Statement Latin II Grammar Review: Lesson 6b

  8. What is an Indirect Statement? • Direct Statement = a quote • Indirect Statement = a summary or paraphrase • Indirect statement follows a verb of saying, thinking, perceiving, believing, hearing, etc. • Form: Accusative (subject) + infinitive (verb) • Indirect Statement is the DO of the verb of saying, thinking, etc.

  9. Indirect Statement • Remember Latin has no punctuation • It has no quotation marks to distinguish quotes from paraphrases • Indirect statement (Accusative + Infinitive) shows the difference between direct statements and indirect statements

  10. Indirect Statement • Translation: that…. • He said [that the homework was due yesterday]. • I believe [that it will rain today]. • She heard [that he had run away].  • Nota Bene: Do not translate the infinitive of an indirect statement as an infinitive (to…), instead translate it as a regular verb.

  11. Tense of the Infinitive • Tense of the infinitive is relative to the main verb. • Translation of the infinitive depends upon the tense of the main verb. 

  12. Tense of the Infinitive • Present Infinitive: Action occurs at the same time as main verb • Perfect Infinitive: Action occurs before the main verb • Future Infinitive: Action occurs after the main verb

  13. Tense of the Infinitive • He said [that the homework was due yesterday]. • The “was” occurs at the same time as the “saying” • present infinitive • I believe [that it will rain today]. • The “raining” will occur after the “saying” • future infinitive • She heard [that he had run away]. • The “running away” occurred before the “hearing” • perfect infinitive

  14. Examples of Indirect Statements • Senatus dixit CaesaremGallosvicturumesse. • The Senate said that Caesar would conquer the Gauls. • Multi AugustumprimumimperatoremRomanumfuisseputant . • Many think that Augustus was the first Roman emperor. • Consul ScipionemRomamdefenderecredidit . • The consul believed that Scipio was defending Rome.

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