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Understanding Bacteria, Viruses & Health

Dive into the world of bacteria and viruses, their impact on health, and essential terms like antibiotic resistance and infectious diseases. Learn about key vocabulary and concepts to stay informed about your well-being.

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Understanding Bacteria, Viruses & Health

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  1. Chapter 5: Viruses, Bacteria and Your Health Key Vocabulary

  2. Bacteria Single celled organism, prokaryote that contains its genetic material in the cytoplasm

  3. Binary Fission • A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells

  4. A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells

  5. Conjugation • Process in which a unicellular organism transfers some of its genetic to another unicellular organism through a thin threadlike bridge

  6. DECOMPOSER • Organism that breaks down chemicals from dead organisms and returns important materials to the soil and water

  7. Pasteurization • A process of heating food to a high enough temperature to kill most of the bacteria without changing the taste of the food

  8. Infectious disease • An illness that can pass from one organism to another

  9. Toxin • A poisonous substance that can harm an organism

  10. Antibiotic • A substance or chemical that can kill bacteria without harming a person’s cells

  11. Antibiotic Resistance • The ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic

  12. Vaccine • A substance introduced into the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific disease-causing viruses and microorganisms

  13. Respiration • Process of breaking down food to release energy

  14. Asexual Reproduction • Reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent

  15. Sexual Reproduction • Reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a genetically unique offspring

  16. Host • An organism that provides a source of energy or a stable environment for a virus or other organism to live

  17. Parasite • An organism that lives on or in a host and causes harm to the host

  18. Pathogen • A disease-causing agent; • For example: a virus, bacteria, or protists

  19. Bacteriophage • A virus that infects bacteria

  20. Virus • A tiny, non-living particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell

  21. Bacteriophage • A virus that infects bacteria

  22. Cytoplasm • Gel-like substance found inside a cell that contains the cells organelles

  23. Ribosome • Site of protein synthesis; • organelle that makes proteins; • small, non-membrane covered organelle found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

  24. Flagellum • A long, whip-like structure that enables a bacterial cell to move

  25. Endospore • A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell

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