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Naming and Writing Formulas for Compounds

This unit focuses on the systematic methods for naming and writing formulas for ionic and molecular compounds. Ionic compounds consist of cations and anions, with specific rules for naming based on their charge states. For molecular compounds, Greek prefixes indicate the number of atoms of each element. We also cover acids' naming conventions and the treatment of hydrates, including how to form formulas for these compounds. This resource is essential for mastering chemical nomenclature and enhancing your understanding of chemistry.

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Naming and Writing Formulas for Compounds

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  1. Naming and Writing Formulas for Compounds Unit 4

  2. 1. Naming Ionic Compounds

  3. Ionic Compound: • Composed of ions • Cations & Anions • Metals & Nonmetals • Cations: • + charge • Metals • + Polyatomic Ions • Anions: • - charge • Nonmetals • - Polyatomic Ions

  4. Name the cation (always 1st) • Name the anion – add “ide” ending (always 2nd) • If anion is polyatomic, just use name (no ending) * This is for cations with a single charge (oxidation state)

  5. For cations with more than one oxidation state • Name the cation • Add roman numeral to indicate charge of the cation

  6. 2. Writing the Formulas for Ionic Compounds

  7. Write the cation symbol • Write the anion symbol (or polyatomic formula) • Balance + and – charges so they add to zero

  8. 3. Naming and Writing Formulas for Molecular ComPounds

  9. 1 – mono 2 – di 3 – tri 4 – tetra 5 – penta 6 – hexa 7 – hepta 8 – octa 9 – nona 10 - deca • Molecular Compounds • Nonmetals only • Use greek prefixes to tell # of atoms

  10. 4. Acids

  11. Recognizing an acid • Molecular compound beginning with “H” (or H2 or H3) • May contain polyatomic ions

  12. Binary Acids • Start name with “hydro” • Use anion name adding “ic” ending • End with “acid”

  13. Oxyacids • Use polyatomic ion name • Add “ic” in place of “ate” • Add “ous” in place of “ite” • End with “acid”

  14. Writing Acid Formulas 1. Write the symbol for hydrogen 1st 2. Write the symbol for nonmetal or polyatomic anion 3. Balance + and – charges so they add to zero • (H will have a charge of +1)

  15. 5. Diatomic Molecules

  16. 2 of the same atom bonded together • Some elements naturally exist as diatomic H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I

  17. 6. Hydrates

  18. Ionic salt with molecules of water attached

  19. Naming Hydrates • Name the ionic compound • Use a greek prefix for number of water molecules • End with “hydrate”

  20. Writing the Formulas for Hydrates • Write the formula for the ionic compound • Indicate the number of water molecules with big number in front of H2O

  21. 7. Compounds with Common Names

  22. H2O • NaHCO3 • H2O2 • NH3 • CH4 • HCH3COO (HC2H3O2)

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