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Fly Ash Utilization in China Market Landscape and Policy Analysis

Fly Ash Utilization in China Market Landscape and Policy Analysis. Asian Coal Ash Association. Introduction. 12 years in Asia (Japan, China) Energy, green technology and water industries. 5 years specifically focused on coal combustion products

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Fly Ash Utilization in China Market Landscape and Policy Analysis

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  1. Fly Ash Utilization in ChinaMarket Landscape and Policy Analysis Asian Coal Ash Association

  2. Introduction • 12 years in Asia (Japan, China) • Energy, green technology and water industries. • 5 years specifically focused on coal combustion products • Founded Coal Ash Solutions - www.coalashsolutions.com • Assist early stage and established companies to: • Safely scale and commercialize technology in new markets • Raise capital • Develop strategy and partnerships • Asian Coal Ash Association – www.asiancoalash.org • Co-founded in 2010, currently serve as chairman • Events, research • Coal Ash Asia 2014 (September 23-27th)

  3. China fly ash utilization overview Drivers of fly ash utilization and relevant policy development trends Key stakeholders and engagement strategy suggestions Summary analysis

  4. China fly ash utilization overview:government statistics • In 2009, China’s installed thermal power capacity and the electricity generated by thermal power stations both increased about 7-8%. Although coal consumption has been reduced by introducing high-efficient generators, fly ash output has still maintained its rising momentum. • As fly ash volume steadily increases, the government’s 60% fly ash utilization regulation has always been considered an impossible goal by some industry analysts; most recently in September 2010, Greenpeace released a report which publicly criticized government statistics: “The biggest misconception is the belief that 60% or more of China’s coal ash is reused—in reality it’s less than 30 percent” (a conclusion of Greenpeace based on its independent eight-month survey of 14 thermal power stations across China).

  5. China fly ash utilization overview:a long history of fly ash utilization China begins utilizing fly ash, mainly in the construction sector as concrete admixture, and particularly in the construction of hydropower stations 1950s China begins utilizing fly ash as walling material, including blocks, wallboard, baked bricks, and ceramsite 1960-70s The government starts rolling out a series of incentive policies for fly ash utilization in various sectors such as building materials, construction, backfill, agriculture, etc. 1980s The State Development and Planning Commission1 releases the “China Fly Ash Utilization Technology Policy and Implementation Roadmap” 1991 “Administrative Measures of Fly Ash Utilization” is released by State Economic and Trade Commission2, Ministry of Electric Power Industry3, Ministry of Construction4, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Transportation, and State Administration of Taxation 1994 SDPC was the predecessor of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) SETC was abolished during government restructuring in 2003, its fly ash related portfolio was transferred to the NDRC and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) Ministry of Electric Power Industry was abolished in 1998, its portfolio is now shared by National Energy Administration (NEA) under NDRC and MIIT. Predecessor of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD)

  6. China fly ash utilization overview:a long history of fly ash utilization 2002 Government publishes the “Law on Promotion of Cleaner Production” Government publishes the “Regulation on Levy and Use of Pollutant Charges” 2003 Government publishes the “Law of Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste” 2004 NDRC, Ministry of Finance, and State Administration of Taxation releases the “Administrative Measures of the Recognition and Registration of Resources Comprehensive Utilization Project Encouraged by the Central Government” 2006 NDRC releases the “Clean Production Performance Ranking and Indexes System of Thermal Power Industry” 2007 NDRC, MOST (Ministry of Science and Technology), MOHURD, MIIT, MOLAR (Ministry of Land and Resources) and MOFCOM (Ministry of Commerce) released the “Technical Policy Outlines for Comprehensive Utilization of Resources in China” Government publishes the “Law of Circular Economy Promotion.” NDRC starts preparing to revise the 1994 version of “Administrative Measures of Fly Ash Utilization” 2008 2010

  7. China fly ash utilization overview:current status – imbalanced utilization • The uneven growth of the various regions of China creates an imbalanced fly ash utilization rates. • In the developed coastal regions, especially the Yangtze and Pearl River Delta, as well as the Bohai Rim, the utilization ratio of fly ash could be as high as above 100%: the downstream players most likely compete to secure a fly ash supply, import fly ash from other regions, or use prior fly ash storage. • Meanwhile, in the underdeveloped middle and western part of China, the fly ash utilization ratio could be as low as 30% or below, although, there might be fly ash shortage as well in certain months because of the nature of the building material and cement business. Beijing Xian Tianjin Bohai Rim Shanghai Chengdu Wuhan Chongqing Yangtze River Delta Pearl River Delta Guangzhou

  8. China fly ash utilization overview:current status – main uses Fly ash is currently used in China for: • Building materials: such as baked brick and ceramsite, gas ash concrete and cement admixture (or blended material), etc. • Road engineering: such as roadbed layer materials, side slope and bituminous concrete admixture. • Construction projects: concrete and mortar admixture. • Agribusiness: used as fertilizer or used to improve soil quality • Backfill: engineering or mine backfill. • Others: such as extraction of Aluminum, etc.

  9. China fly ash utilization overview:current status -- market players

  10. China fly ash utilization overview:current status – main challenges • Imbalanced Utilization • Uneven development of fly ash utilization in the coastal and inland areas. • Uneven utilization ratio of various grade of fly ash (short supply of high quality fly ash and low utilization of low grade ones). • Dynamic of fly ash quality • Mixed discharge equipment in power stations (wet vs. dry). • Increasing desulfurization and denitration and its impact on fly ash characteristics and quality. • Biomass combustion • CFB boilers • Limited application fields and value added • Fly ash utilization is still largely concentrated in the building materials and construction sector. • The products are mainly low value-added. • Limited government incentives and weak law enforcement • “Administrative Measures of Fly Ash Utilization” need to be updated and revised • Taxation and financing incentives need to be improved. • Law enforcement needs to be enhanced to control fly ash discharge

  11. China fly ash utilization overview Drivers of fly ash utilization and relevant policy development trends Key stakeholders and engagement strategy suggestions Summary analysis

  12. Drivers of fly ash utilization:economic growth will still rely on coal • While the increases in China's population, economy, and energy usage has prompted the Chinese government to encourage the development of other energy resources, coal is still expected to play the most significant role in the nation's energy future. • Nearly 75% of China’s installed capacity in 2010 is from thermal power generators, and an even further 81.81% of the electricity generated in 2010 was from thermal power plants. • Although the government plans to reduce thermal power generators to 69.1% in China’s installed capacity mix within the next 5 years, the actual total thermal power capacity could further increase about 56%, from 599GW to 933GW, according to the national development plan.

  13. Drivers of fly ash utilization

  14. The development of fly ash utilization policies: policy frameworks China’s regulatory framework creates numerous laws and regulations to restrict solid waste discharge and promote a “circular economy” PRC Constitution Examples of regulations relevant to fly ash utilization National People’s Congress • Law on Promotion of Cleaner Production • Circular Economy Promotion Law • Law of Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution from Solid Waste Laws State Council State Council Regulations • Decision of the State Council to establish a leading group for energy saving and emission reductions • 11th Five Year Plan (2006-2010) Guidance on Resources Comprehensive Utilization • Regulation on Levy and Use of Pollutant Charges • Administrative Measures of Fly Ash Utilization • Technical Policy Outlines for Comprehensive Utilization of Resources in China • Administrative Measures of the Recognition and Registration of Resources Comprehensive Utilization Project Encouraged by the Central Government Ministerial Regulations and Measures Ministries Local Regulations and Measures Local Authorities • Shanghai municipal government's Management Regulation on Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization

  15. The development of fly ash utilization policies:related laws

  16. The development of fly ash utilization policies: policies and regulations Administrative Measures of Fly Ash Utilization • Released in 1994, and currently under revision by NDRC and MIIT. • New power station projects need fly ash utilization solutions in advance for approval; existing power stations need to upgrade their systems for fly ash utilization. • Ban any new solid clay bricks and tiles projects near power stations, ask existing plants as well as new construction projects to use fly ash as mixture. • Impose penalties on construction projects which could not meet the set target of fly ash utilization. • Ask power stations to provide subsidies to large scale direct users of their raw ash; power stations could only sell fly ash after processing it in line with national standards, and prices should be in the buyers favor and based on actual processing cost and quality. • Ask power stations and end users to submit their statistics of fly ash discharge, utilization and storage status to government agencies on a regular basis. • Call for incentive financial and taxation arrangement for fly ash utilization. • After the central government released the administrative measures of fly ash utilization, the surrogates at the provincial and municipal level started to release their local regulations. • For example in Shanghai, the municipal government decided to levy a special R&D fee (0.4 RMB per ton of fly ash output) on power stations in order to support the research of fly ash utilization in Shanghai.

  17. The development of fly ash utilization policies: policies and regulations Clean Production Performance Ranking and Indexes System for the Thermal Power Industry 11th Five Year Plan (2006-2010) Guidance of Resources Comprehensive Utilization • Released by NDRC in 2007 • Set up a matrix to manage the clean production practice of power plants and define the target and weight of fly ash utilization in the system • Fly Ash Utilization Rate Target: 100% (coastal region), 60% (central and western region) • The weight of fly ash utilization rate in the matrix: 10% (other factors includes coal consumption, emission, etc.) • Released by NDRC in 2006 • Set up a national target of fly ash utilization rate at 75% by 2010 • Ask for financial incentives, tax breaks as well as technical policies for resources comprehensive utilization • NDRC is currently drafting the 12th Five Year Plan (FYP 2011-2015) which might revise the target and add more incentives • Meanwhile, MIIT is also drafting a specific 12th FYP for comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste

  18. The development of fly ash utilization policies: policies and regulations Regulation on Levy and Use of Pollutant Charges Regulation on Levy and Use of Special Fund for Promotion of New Walling Materials Application • Released in 2003 by NDRC and Environment Protection Authority • Defines a 30 RMB per ton of fly ash pollutant charge to levy on power stations who could not meet the environment protection standards on fly ash handling and storage • Originally released in 2002, revised in 2007 by NDRC. • Defines a 10 RMB /m2(might be different in various regions with 10 RMB as a cap) special fund for promotion of new walling materials to levy on any new construction projects without application of new walling materials. • Defines a catalog of new walling materials including all walling materials (bricks, tiles, and etc.) made by fly ash (more than 30% raw materials are fly ash) • Defines the procedures to apply for financial support from the fund to develop and produce new walling materials

  19. The development of fly ash utilization policies: policies and regulations Administrative Measures on the Recognition and Registration of Resources Comprehensive Utilization Technical Policy Outlines for Resources Comprehensive Utilization • Released in 2006 by NDRC and Ministry of Finance and State Administration of Taxation • Defines a recognition and registration procedure for resource comprehensive utilization projects • A certificate secured after the recognition and registration procedure is a must for a tax break and government financial support • Newly released in 2010 by NDRC, MOST, MIIT, MOHURD, MOLAR and MOFCOM • Defines all of the technology supported by government in the resources comprehensive utilization sector including various kind of fly ash utilization technology • Summarizes the preferential taxation policy for the comprehensive utilization of resources

  20. The development of fly ash utilization policies: policies and regulations VAT exemption Corporate Income Tax Reduction based on the CIT Law released in 2007 • Released in 2008 by Ministry of Finance and State Administration of Taxation • Specific building materials such as bricks, tiles, etc., made by fly ash (more than 30% of raw material is fly ash) could enjoy VAT exemption, but the manufacturer needs to secure a certificate from the local DRC to be qualified for the exemption • NO VAT exemption for direct sales of commercial fly ash or cenospheres, etc. • The revenue generated from sales of building materials made by fly ash (more than 70% raw materials must be fly ash) could be reduced by 10% when calculating taxable income • The revenue generated from direct sales of commercial fly ash or balloon/bead could also be reduced by 10% when calculating taxable income • If the manufacturer could be qualified as a “New and High-tech Enterprise,” it could enjoy a CIT reduction from 25% to 15%

  21. The development of fly ash utilization policies: overview

  22. The development of fly ash utilization policies: trade barriers • There are no major trade barriers, and foreign firms are encouraged by China’s government to be involved in the fly ash comprehensive utilization sector -- from equipment and technology supply to direct investment of fly ash utilization projects • However, there are some invisible trade barriers such as: • Chinese government’s policies to promote indigenous innovation • Rising nationalism • Government procurement process that favor local companies • “Trading market for technology” policies • Opaque market and policy environment

  23. The development of fly ash utilization policies: gradual progress in IPR • China’s laws and regulations compliant with WTO’s TRIPS • However, there are enforcement problems • Some practical steps: • Register your IPR with the relevant bureaus • Include IPR clauses in your business contracts • Communicate all relevant corporate IPR policies to your staff • Confidentiality agreements for staff with access to key technologies • Understand China’s (often quickly changing) laws and regulations, and different possible ways of redress.

  24. China fly ash utilization overview Drivers of fly ash utilization and relevant policy development trends Key stakeholders and engagement strategy suggestions Summary analysis

  25. Key Stakeholders National Development and Reform Commission Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Datang Huaneng China Association of Resources Comprehensive Utilization Ministry of Science and Technology Ministry of Commerce Ministry of Finance Ministry of Environment Protection Huadian CPI Guodian Other IPPs China Building Materials Industry Association Provincial Government Municipal Government Sino-Foreign Fly Ash Utilization Initiative China Coal Processing and Utilization Association Fly Ash Research Center, Dezhou Colleague Other local and international companies as potential partners or investors Australian Trade Commission CSIRO Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade China Ashtech Development Center Solid Waste Utilization Technology Research Center Greenpeace Greentech Initiative

  26. Key Stakeholders China Association of Resource Comprehensive Utilization (CARCU) 中国资源综合利用协会 Priority: HIGH Receptiveness: HIGH • Description • CARCU is a national industrial association administrated by the SASAC. The mission of CARCU is to boost resource utilization efficiency, conserve energy, and protect the environment. It is dedicated to delivering comprehensive services to relevant government agencies and members through extensive policy research, consultancy services, technical promotion, market development, professional training, conference and exhibition as well as international exchange and cooperation. • The Board of Directors of CARCU consist of numerous entrepreneurs with expertise in comprehensive resource utilization. CARCU currently has over 600 group members and 140 individual members consisting of regulatory authorities, scientific research institutes, and enterprises. • Priority Ranking • CARCU is a key shareholder for foreign companies for three reasons. First, it has a professional committee regarding fly ash utilization with a certain amount of fly ash utilization experts. Second, CARCU’s individual members include many former and current officials in relevant government departments. Third, since it provide various services in regard to integrated utilization of fly ash, it is familiar with the situation of its group members, including many power generation enterprises, and China’s fly ash market in general. CARCU encourages its members and the whole market to import advanced resource utilization technologies from abroad, and would like to promote international exchanges. • Engagement Suggestion • CARCU has extremely close relationship with NDRC and could be a gateway to engage with NDRC. • CARCU participate World of Coal Ash and organize Chinese coal ash seminar and events every year, which could be platforms for foreign companies to engage with them • Direct engagement could also be arranged to introduce foreign companies to CARCU • CARCU is also a leverage to influence the revision of Administrative Measures of Fly Ash Utilization • Strongly suggest to establish direct and close relationship with CARCU Key Decision Makers WANG Jiwei (王吉位) is the Secretary General of China Association of Resource Comprehensive Utilization. Wang graduated from China Central South University with a major in mining engineering. Wang used to work in China Non ferrous Mining Industry Corporation, China Non ferrous Mining Industry Association and

  27. Key Stakeholders China Building Materials Industry Association (CBMIA) China Building Materials Foundation (CBMF) 中国建筑材料工业协会/中国建筑材料联合会 Priority: HIGH Receptiveness: HIGH • Description • CBMIA/CBMF is a national industry association made up of building materials enterprises, civil organizations, and individuals. It is registered with the Ministry of Civil Affairs and administrated by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission. • CBMIA/CBMF safeguards the rights and interests of building materials enterprises, promotes a fair and competitive market, advances scientific and technological progress and innovation, promotes international cooperation and exchanges, and assists the government with industry management. • CBMIA/CBMF provides consulting services on building materials development strategy, industrial policy, investment opportunities in building materials industry, the market analysis and demand forecasting, etc. • Priority Ranking  • CBMIA/CBMF is important to foreign companies because it is a bridge between the government and building material enterprises. • Engagement Suggestion • Institute of Technical Information for Building Materials Industry (foreign companies’s co-sponsor of Asia fly ash conference at the end of October) is direct affiliated to CBMIA/CBMF, which could be a good leverage for foreign companies to engage with CBMIA /CBMF • CBMIA/CBMF has good relationship and could influence government new walling material offices. • Suggest direct meetings with CBMIA/CBMF to seek endorsement and supports to raise foreign companies’s profile in the building materials sector ZHANG Renwei (张人为) is current president of CBMF/CBMIA and previous head of the National Building Materials Bureau (1985 to 2001). Mr. Zhang is responsible for dealing with CBMF’s daily affairs, checking up on the implementation of CBMF’s internal decisions, nominating Deputy Secretary General and major leaders, etc. Key Decision Makers

  28. Key Stakeholders China Coal Processing and Utilization Association (CCPUA) 中国煤炭加工利用协会 Priority: HIGH Receptiveness: HIGH • Description of Organization • CCPUAwas formed in 1982. It is a nationwide association comprised of enterprises, organizations, research institutions, and individuals who undertake coal preparation and processing, environmental protection, energy conservation, coal quality control, and other coal business. • As a bridge between enterprise and government, CCPUAcoordinates economic and technical relations between various authorities and industries. CCPUA promotes competition, improves efficiency, and supports sector development. • CCPUA has three departments: Department of General Affairs, Department of Coal Preparation and Processing, and the Department of Energy Conservation. Entrusted by the central-level State Administration of Coal Industry, CCPUA also gives guidance to the Coal Environmental Protection & Safety Center and various Mine Safety Supervision stations. • Priority Ranking • CCPUA is important to foreign companies because it is a bridge between the government and coal industry for the comprehensive and clean utilization of coal. • Engagement suggestion • CCPUA also has close relationship with NDRC and could be a leverage for foreign companies to influence NDRC in long term. • Direct meeting and joint seminars could be helpful to engage with CCPUA and gain their supports to raise foreign companies’s profile in the coal industry Key Decision Makers LU Ying (吕英) has been director general of the CCPUA since June 2007. The director general is responsible for chairing the board of directors, and supervising the implementation of the decisions made by the members’ congress, the board of directors and the standing committee Lu used to work in the Ministry of Coal Industry and the National Coal Industry Corporation.

  29. Key Stakeholders Ministry of Industry and Information Technology 工信部节能司 Priority: HIGH Receptiveness: Low • Description • A successor of the former Ministry of Information Industry (MII), MIIT was created in 2008 through the merger of MII, the State Council Informatization Office (SCIO), the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND), and the industrial management and project approval functions of the NDRC. The reorganization expanded MIIT’s previous portfolio to span a much broader range of industries, including food, auto, equipment, textiles, chemical, steel and mining. The ministry’s core mission is to advance the level of energy-saving effects in steel, ferrous metal, construction materials, chemistry and other industries. • MIIT is therefore responsible for developing policies, regulations and standards covering industrial administration as well as reviewing and granting investment project approvals in sectors under MIIT’s supervision. • Relevant Department • Department of Energy Saving and Resources Comprehensive Utilization • Priority Ranking • MIIT is a key stakeholder for foreign companies given its role to formulate building material industry policies, clean production regulations and etc. • Engagement Suggestion • Suggest to seek meetings with MIIT after foreign companies has its pilot project running in China, could then invite MIIT officials visit the pilot project or R&D center back in Australia • Keepmonitoring MIIT policy and seek the engagement opportunity through third party relationship Key Decision Makers ZHOU Changyi (周长益), director general of the MIIT Department of Energy Conservation and Resources Utilization. Zhou used to work in NDRC’s Department of Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection before the government reshuffle in 2003. Zhou also worked in National Economic and Trade Commission and served in Chinese Embassy in U.S. during 1996-2000

  30. Key Stakeholders National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) 发改委环资司 Priority: HIGH Receptiveness: Low • Description of Organization • NDRC is China’s leading ministerial agency tasked with monitoring and planning for macroeconomic issues and development. While not an industry-specific ministry, it has power and influence that typically exceeds all other ministerial-ranked bodies and it frequently encroaches upon other ministries’ remit should it deem the issue of national or macro importance. Despite a recent restructuring transferring several areas to other ministries, NDRC continues to be the most important macro-level policy decision-maker affecting the long-term business and investment environment in China. • Priority Ranking • NDRC is a key stakeholder for foreign companies. First, NDRC or its provincial counterparts, will be the key decision-maker for foreign companies’sproject approval. In addition, NDRC plays a leading role in shaping industry specific policies, such as the Administrative Measures of Fly Ash Utilization (together with MIIT) as well as theIndustrial Catalogue for Foreign Investment as well as creating the national five-year plans. • Relevant Department • Department of Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection • Engagement Suggestion • Suggest to seek meetings with NDRC after foreign companies has its pilot project running in China, could then invite NDRC officials visit the pilot project or R&D center back in Australia • Keep monitoring NDRC policy and seek the engagement opportunity through third party relationship Key Decision Makers ZHAO Jiarong(赵家荣), deputy secretary general of NDRC and director general of the Department of Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection. She used to worked in State Statistic Bureau and National Economic and Trade Commission and joined NDRC in 2003 as the director general of the resources conservation and environmental protection department and had been promoted as NDRC deputy secretary general since July 2010. 30

  31. Key Stakeholders Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development 建设部 建筑节能与科技司、建设部科技发展促进中心 Priority: HIGH Receptiveness: Low Key Decision Makers • Description • MOHURD was established during the 2008 central government restructuring by absorbing the responsibilities of the former Ministry of Construction. The ministry is charged with formulating regulations and policies supervising the constructions of urban infrastructures and guiding China’s urbanization. A key task of MOHURD is to ensure effective planning for China’s urbanization, so as to ensure that urban expansion will take into full account the social, economic, commercial and environmental issues. • Priority Ranking  • MOHURD is an important stakeholder for foreign companies due to its roleto promote new walling materials as well as new energy efficiency and resources comprehensive utilization technologies in the construction and building sector. • Relevant Departments • Department of Building Energy Efficiency and Technology • Science and Technology Development Center of MOHURD. • Engagement Suggestion • Direct engagement with the Science and Technology Development Center first and use it as a gateway to engage with MOHURD. • Suggest to consider and develop a joint project with the Center to promote the foreign companies products from the pilot fly ash project in the building sector as new walling materials • Suggest to seek meetings with MOHURD after foreign companies has its joint pilot project with the Center, could then invite MOHURD officials visit the pilot project or R&D center back in Australia CHEN Yiming(陈宜明) , Director General of Department of Building Energy Efficiency and Technology. Chen used to worked in Science and Technology Development center of the former Ministry of Construction. YANG Rong (杨榕), present Director General of the Science and Technology Development Center. Yang used to worked in the Standardization Dept. of Ministry of Construction.

  32. China fly ash utilization overview Drivers of fly ash utilization and relevant policy development trends Key stakeholders and engagement strategy suggestions Summary analysis

  33. Summary analysis:market entry platform • China has a huge fly ash output every year, which will only keep growing with the pace of China’s economic expansion and the reality of China’s energy mix. The market will be huge for foreign companies if foreign companies provides innovative solutions and works with the right partner. • However, there are already manylocal Chinese companies and research institutes working in this sector, although the majority utilization of fly ash in China is still at the low value-added end. • Foreign companies will need a strategy to distinguish itself from those competitors and raise its profile in the market as an innovative leader. Leveraging the support from the Australian government, foreign companies might like consider establishing a Sino-Foreign Fly Ash Utilization Initiative, which could be: • Aplatform to engage with government agencies for financial support and preferential policies; and, • A leverage to raise the company profile to attract good partners and potential investors.

  34. Thank You! David Harris d.harris@asiancoalash.org Asian Coal Ash Association www.asiancoalash.org COAL ASH ASIA 2014Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province, ChinaSeptember 25th – 27th *500+ industry leaders, technology providers and buyers *Delegations from the USA, Australia, India, JapanPlease join us!

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