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Challenges and Changes in the Movement

Explore challenges faced by African Americans in seeking equality, from segregation to urban decay. Discover the evolution of leadership, from Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam to the Black Power movement. Learn about pivotal events like Dr. King's assassination and the formation of the Black Panthers, shaping the civil rights movement's legacy of successes and failures.

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Challenges and Changes in the Movement

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  1. Challenges and Changes in the Movement Section 29-3 pp. 923-929

  2. African Americans Seek Greater Equality • Problems in the North • De Facto Segregation: • Based on practices and customs • Hard to eliminate • De Jure Segregation: Legal Segregation

  3. African Americans Seek Greater Equality • Problems in the North • Decaying urban neighborhoods • Poor Schools • High Unemployment

  4. Nation of Islam • Led by Elijah Muhammad • Advocated black nationalism • Black pride • Economic independence

  5. New Leaders Voice Discontent • Malcolm X • Leader in Nation of Islam • Advocated black nationalism • Rejected integration and nonviolence • Use violence to defend selves

  6. New Leaders Voice Discontent • Malcolm X • Leaves Nation of Islam • Pilgrimage to Mecca changes views • Advocated integration • Supported nonviolence • Assassinated in 1965

  7. New Leaders Voice Discontent • Black Power • Led by Stokley Carmichael • Based on militancy, self-reliance, independence, and nationalism

  8. New Leaders Voice Discontent • Black Panthers • Demanded immediate equality • Patrolled urban neighborhoods • Provided healthcare and education • Violent tactics alienated whites

  9. 1968: A Turning Point in Civil Rights • Dr. King shot in April 1968 • Led to riots in cities nationwide • RFK shot June 1968 • Strong supporter of civil rights

  10. Legacy of the Movement • Kerner Commission • Violence in cities caused by white racism • Successes • Civil Rights Act of 1968 • Banned segregation in public facilities • Greater voting rights

  11. Legacy of the Movement • Failures • White Flight • Unemployment • Affirmative Action • Special efforts to hire or enroll minorities

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