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The Evolution of the Civil Rights Movement: Changes and Challenges Unveiled

This chapter explores the pivotal changes and challenges in the American Civil Rights Movement, particularly highlighting key figures and events from the 1960s. It covers Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s impactful speeches, the effects of his assassination, and the emergence of alternative movements like the Black Panthers and Black Power. Through essential questions and discussions, students will gain insights into landmark legislation, urban unrest, and the spectrum of strategies employed in the fight against racial discrimination.

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The Evolution of the Civil Rights Movement: Changes and Challenges Unveiled

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  1. Changes and Challenges Chapter 28-3

  2. Morning Work November 11, 2016 1st Period Agenda Morning Work Lecture: Changes and Challenges Mountain Top Speech RFK Speech: Dr. King’s Death (1:34:00-1:36:20) The Butler (1:20:00-1:31:00) Civil Rights Quiz • WRITE QUESTIONS • What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964? • What was the Birmingham Campaign?

  3. Morning Work November 10, 2016 2nd/3rdPeriod Agenda Morning Work Lecture: Changes and Challenges Mountain Top Speech RFK Speech: Dr. King’s Death (1:34:00-1:36:20) The Butler (1:20:00-1:31:00) Civil Rights Quiz • WRITE QUESTIONS • What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964? • What was the Freedom Summer?

  4. Morning Work November 14, 2016 • WRITE QUESTIONS • What was the 24th Amendment? • What as the Voting Rights Act of 1965? • Morning Work • MLK Assassination • King’s “Mountaintop” speech • Civil Rights Quiz • Lecture: War Develops

  5. 3-2-1 • 3 civil rights demonstrations • 2 people who started the Black Panther Party • 1 leader of the Nation of Islam

  6. Expanding the Movement • Many people began to question nonviolent protest.

  7. Conditions Outside the South • Segregation was widespread in America • De facto segregation • Exists through custom and practice rather than by law • De jure segregation • Ends when the laws that create it are repealed

  8. Urban Unrest • From 1964 to 1967 racial unrest erupted in most of the nation’s large cities. • Watts in Los Angeles • 1965: 35,000 African Americans took part in a 6-day riot • July 1967: Week of violence in Detroit

  9. Urban Unrest • KernerCommission to study causes of urban rioting • Blamed poverty and discrimination

  10. The Movement Moves North • MLK focused his attention on Chicago in July 1966. • SCLC’s campaign lasted eight months • King’s big failure Illinois National Guardsmen try to disperse a large crowd of teen-agers gathered near an apartment building in Cicero, Illinois, after an African American family moved in.

  11. Chicago Campaign • Why campaign failed? • Did not share his civil rights focus • Did not consider themselves segregated • Police force not as brutal • King found it hard to attract media • King left Chicago in August 1966 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. ducks after being hit on the head by a rock during a housing discrimination protest in Chicago

  12. Fractures in the Movement • United by the goal of ending racial discrimination. • Conflicts among groups developed • Some rejected philosophy of non-violence.

  13. Black Power • Stokely Carmichael became head of SNCC (May 1966). • Abandoned philosophy of nonviolence • March Against Fear in June 1966 • Stokely arrested in Greenwood, Mississippi

  14. Black Power • Critics: Black Power movement was a call to violent action. • Carmichael: Black Power- African Americans’ dependence on themselves to solve problems. • CORE abandoned nonviolence

  15. Black Panthers • Black Power appealed to young African Americans. • Huey Newton and Bobby Seale • Started Black Panther Party in Oakland, California (1966) • Rejected nonviolence • Violent revolution Huey Newton

  16. Black Panthers

  17. Black Muslims • Nation of Islam • Large and influential • Based on Islamic religion • Started in 1931 • Members: Black Muslims • Leader: Elijah Muhammad • Black nationalism, self-discipline, and self-reliance

  18. Malcolm X • Malcolm X • Minister • Hope, defiance, and black pride • Critical of King and nonviolence. • 1964: Malcolm X broke with Elijah Muhammad and Black Muslims • February 21, 1965: Malcolm X was assassinated by Black Muslims

  19. The Assassination of King • March 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee: King went to aid African American sanitation workers who were on strike.

  20. Assassination of King

  21. The Assassination of King • April 4: James Earl Ray shot and killed King as he stood on balcony of his motel. • Rioting erupted in more than 120 cities

  22. Rioting Rioting in Chicago Rioting in Washington D.C.

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