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13-2 Notes

This overview covers the two main types of magma—mafic and felsic—along with their characteristics and formation. It delves into the low and high viscosity of lava, explosive and quiet eruptions, and various volcanic materials such as ash and lapilli. The text explores the three principal types of volcanoes: shield, cinder cone, and composite, highlighting their shapes and eruption styles. Additionally, it discusses the formation of craters and calderas, and the warning signs that indicate a potential volcanic eruption, including seismic activity and temperature changes in the surrounding rock.

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13-2 Notes

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  1. 13-2 Notes

  2. There are 2 main types of magma. They are: Mafic Felsic Magnesium and Iron Feldspar and Silica Dark in Color Light in Color Oceanic Crust Continental Crust Low Viscosity High Viscosity Runny Lava Sticky Lava Trapped: Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide Easily Escapes Explosive Eruptions sending molten and solid particles shooting into the air. Quiet Eruption Pyroclastic Material Volcanic dust < 0.25mm Volcanic Ash < 2mm Lapilli or “Little Stones”< 64mm Volcanic Bombs Lava Flows in Hawaii, Pahoehoe, Aa

  3. 3 main types of volcanoes: Gently sloping sides Quiet eruption Wide area Mafic lava Shield Steep, close to 40o Smaller area Pyroclastic material explosive Cinder Cone Mafic lava and Pyroclastic material Not as steep as cinder cones Larger than a cinder cone Quiet and explosive eruptions Composite

  4. Craters: The funnel-shaped pit at the top of a volcanic vent is known as a crater. • Calderas: When the magma chamber below a volcano empties, the volcanic cone may collapse and leave a large, basin-shaped depression called a caldera. • Predicting: Warning signals of volcanic eruptions: • An increase in the strength and frequency of earthquakes. • Temperature changes within the rock. • Fracturing of the rock around a volcano.

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