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Photosynthesis

PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Photosynthesis. Chemosynthesis uses energy released from chemical reactions to produce food for organisms. Organisms that carry out chemosynthesis are microbes (bacteria) that live far from the Sun, such as deep on the ocean floor. What is the ultimate source of all energy.

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Photosynthesis

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  1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis

  2. Chemosynthesis uses energy released from chemical reactions to produce food for organisms. Organisms that carry out chemosynthesis are microbes (bacteria) that live far from the Sun, such as deep on the ocean floor.

  3. What is the ultimate source of all energy SUN

  4. Photosynthesis!!!! Which organisms carry out photosynthesis? Autotrophs such as plants, some protists and some bacteria

  5. Which organelle does plants use to perform photosynthesis? Chloroplasts

  6. Where do wefind chloroplasts?

  7. Chloroplasts are found in cells of leaves. Chloroplast containing chlorophyll Stoma (Stomata) - small pores on the underside of leaves where gas exchange occurs

  8. Chloroplast structure Disks that contain contain the pigment Chlorophyll are called Thylakoids. A stack of thylakoids is a GRANUM GRANUM The liquid portion of a chloroplast is the STROMA

  9. OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS SUNLIGHT PROVIDES THE ENERGY FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chlorophyll PLANTS MAKE GLUCOSE AND OXYGEN PLANTS TAKE IN CO2 AND H2O

  10. light chlorophyll Photosynthesis • What is photosynthesis? • Photosynthesis is the process by which: TAKE IN AND USING MAKE oxygen water PLANTS (producers) glucose carbon dioxide

  11. Light Independent Reaction Light Dependent Reaction Photosynthesis • 2 steps: • Light Dependent reactions • Light Independent reactions (aka Calvin cycle)

  12. Light Dependent reaction: Occurs in the grana Must have light light Light Independent Reaction Light Independent Reaction LIGHT REACTION Light Reaction thylakoid (chlorophyll) Photosynthesis

  13. ENERGY H2O H H Step 1: Light Dependent Reactions How does the O2 leave the leaf? light energy reacts with the chlorophyll water is split by the light energy H is kept for the light independent reaction O2 is released O2 O2 O2 O2 O H2 O2

  14. What happens to the H+? NADP+ picks up the H+ ions (becoming NADPH) and moves them to the stroma for the light independent reaction (Calvin cycle). NADPH is a high energy electron carrying molecule.

  15. Light Dependent Reactions: Also uses light energy to make… ATP

  16. Light Dependent Occurs in the thylakoid (grana) Water is absorbed through roots. Sunlight enters the chloroplast, causing H2O molecules to split. O2 leaves as a waste product through the stomata.

  17. NADP+ picks up the H+ ions (becoming NADPH) and moves them to the stromafor the light dependent reaction (Calvin cycle) ATP( ENERGY) helps to fuel the light independent reaction, or the Calvin Cycle.

  18. Light Independent reactions (aka Calvin cycle): Occurs in the stroma Occurs in the light and dark Light Reaction LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION  Light Reaction Light Independent Reaction  stroma (liquid) Photosynthesis

  19. + H CO2 C6H12O6 Step 2: Light Independent Reactions glucose is the product H from the water split in the light reaction is present the reactants H and CO2 combine CO2 enters the chloroplast CO2 How does CO2enter the plant? • AKA: CALVIN CYCLE CO2 CO2 CO2 H H • Other carbohydrates besides glucose may be made in photosynthesis

  20. Light Independent Overview Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere enters the stoma H+ breaks off from NADPH NADP+ returns to the Light Dependent Reaction

  21. Carbon dioxide becomes “fixed” with the H+ producing the glucose molecule C6H12O6. ATP helps to fuel the light independent reaction. ATP becomes ADP and returns to the light dependent reaction.

  22. Light Independent Reaction Light Reaction Photosynthesis Review • Light reactions: H2O split into H2 + O • Light independent reactions: H + CO2 = C6H12O6 O2 H2O C6H12O6 chlorophyll CO2

  23. How would this be written as a chemical equation? What goes in? (the reactants) What comes out? (the products) Light Dependent Reaction Light Independent Reaction O2 H2O C6H12O6 chlorophyll CO2 Photosynthesis Formula H2O CO2 C6H12O6 O2

  24. What’s wrong with this equation? The number of atoms is not equal on both sides of the equation. Balance the equation so that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides. one carbon atom reactant 6 carbon atoms product H2O CO2 C6H12O6 O2 Photosynthesis Formula 6 (1) 6 6 • Now balance it as if TWO glucose molecules were being produced.

  25. What goes in? (the reactants) What comes out? (the products) light chlorophyll • 6CO2 + 6H2O 6O2 + C6H12O6 O2 Dark Reaction Light Reaction H2O C6H12O6 chlorophyll CO2 Photosynthesis Review

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